Provide Concluding Statement
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7th Grade ELA › Provide Concluding Statement
An informational passage explains: "In a chemical reaction, reactants are the starting substances. During the reaction, atoms are rearranged as old bonds break and new bonds form. The result is a set of products with different properties from the reactants." Which conclusion is missing an important element and should be improved?
In summary, chemical reactions rearrange atoms from reactants into new products, which is why the materials at the end can act differently than the ones at the start.
In conclusion, chemical reactions happen.
To conclude, chemical reactions involve breaking and forming bonds, turning reactants into products with new properties.
Overall, a reaction changes how atoms are connected, so the products are not exactly the same as the reactants.
Explanation
The correct answer is C because the conclusion "In conclusion, chemical reactions happen" is far too vague and lacks important synthesis. It fails to mention any of the key concepts explained in the passage: reactants, products, rearrangement of atoms, breaking/forming bonds, or changing properties. Choices A, B, and D all effectively synthesize these main ideas by explaining how reactions transform reactants into products with different properties through atomic rearrangement. A good conclusion should bring together the main points and show their significance, not just state that something exists. This conclusion needs to be expanded to include the key concepts.
A student writes an informational paragraph explaining how earthquakes happen: Tectonic plates move slowly, but their edges can get stuck because of friction. As pressure builds, the rocks eventually slip suddenly along a fault, releasing energy as seismic waves that shake the ground. Which conclusion best follows from this explanation?
In conclusion, earthquakes occur when built-up pressure is released as plates suddenly slip along faults, sending waves that cause the shaking we feel.
In conclusion, earthquakes are scary and everyone should move away from places where they might happen.
In conclusion, earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale, and scientists can always predict exactly when the next one will happen.
In conclusion, friction is a force that can slow down motion in many situations, such as biking or sliding a book across a desk.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because it directly synthesizes the key information from the paragraph about how earthquakes occur. The paragraph explains that tectonic plates get stuck due to friction, pressure builds up, and then they suddenly slip along faults releasing energy as seismic waves. Choice B effectively restates this cause-and-effect relationship in a concluding statement. Choice A incorrectly claims scientists can always predict earthquakes, which wasn't mentioned and is false. Choice C introduces an opinion about moving away that doesn't follow from the explanation. Choice D is about friction in general, not earthquakes, making it completely off-topic.
A student explains how photosynthesis works: Plants take in carbon dioxide through tiny openings in their leaves and absorb water through their roots. Using energy from sunlight, they convert these materials into glucose (sugar) for energy and growth, and they release oxygen into the air. Which concluding sentence best shows why this process matters and provides closure?
Plants also perform cellular respiration, which happens in mitochondria and uses oxygen to release energy.
This is why photosynthesis is essential: it helps plants make food and also supplies oxygen that many living things need to survive.
Photosynthesis is a long word that can be hard to spell, but it is important in science class.
In conclusion, sunlight is bright, and leaves are usually green in the summer.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because it effectively shows the significance of photosynthesis by connecting it to broader implications for life. The passage explains the process: plants use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make glucose and release oxygen. Choice B uses "This is why photosynthesis is essential" to signal importance and then explains two key outcomes—plants making food and producing oxygen that other organisms need. This conclusion provides closure by showing why the process matters beyond just the plants themselves. Choice A focuses on spelling difficulty, C introduces a new process (cellular respiration), and D provides vague, disconnected observations.
A student writes an informational paragraph about internet packets: "When you send a message online, it is broken into small packets. Each packet can travel across different routes through networks of routers. At the destination, the packets are put back in the correct order so the message appears complete." Which conclusion better supports the information?
Conclusion 1: "These steps show how packet switching helps data travel efficiently, even if different parts of the message take different paths."
Conclusion 2: "This proves that the internet is always fast and never has delays."
Conclusion 1, because it summarizes how packets travel and reconnect without adding an unsupported claim.
Both conclusions are equally strong because they both mention the internet.
Neither conclusion works because conclusions should introduce new facts about routers and cables.
Conclusion 2, because it is more confident and persuasive.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because Conclusion 1 accurately summarizes how packet switching works without making false claims. It explains that packets can take different routes and still arrive efficiently, which directly follows from the information provided. Conclusion 2 makes an absolute claim that the internet is "always fast and never has delays," which wasn't stated in the paragraph and is factually incorrect—the internet can have delays. Choice A incorrectly suggests being confident makes a conclusion better. Choice C is wrong because one conclusion clearly contains false information. Choice D misunderstands conclusions—they should synthesize existing information, not introduce entirely new facts. Good conclusions should be accurate and follow logically from the presented information.
A student wrote an informational explanation about how glaciers shape land: "As glaciers move, they pick up rocks and sediment. This material scrapes the ground like sandpaper, carving valleys. When glaciers melt, they drop the sediment, creating landforms like moraines." The student’s conclusion is: "Glaciers are made of frozen water." What is the main weakness of this conclusion?
It is too vague and does not synthesize the key idea that glaciers both erode and deposit material to shape land.
It provides strong closure by restating the entire process step-by-step.
It includes too many details about moraines and valleys for a conclusion.
It introduces a new argument about why glaciers are dangerous.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because the conclusion "Glaciers are made of frozen water" is too vague and fails to synthesize the key information about how glaciers shape land. The paragraph explains two important processes: erosion (glaciers scraping and carving valleys) and deposition (dropping sediment to create landforms). The conclusion should tie these ideas together, but instead states a basic fact that doesn't connect to the main topic. Choice A is wrong—the conclusion doesn't argue glaciers are dangerous. Choice C is incorrect—the conclusion is actually too brief, not too detailed. Choice D is wrong—simply restating everything isn't what makes a strong conclusion; synthesis is key.
Read the informational paragraph and choose the best concluding sentence.
During a lunar eclipse, Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon. Earth blocks direct sunlight from reaching the Moon. However, some sunlight bends through Earth’s atmosphere and reaches the Moon anyway. This filtered light makes the Moon appear dim and often reddish.
Which sentence best concludes the paragraph?
A lunar eclipse happens because the Moon stops reflecting light forever.
In the end, a lunar eclipse is caused by Earth blocking sunlight, and the Moon’s reddish color comes from sunlight filtering through Earth’s atmosphere.
Scientists believe eclipses will stop happening in the future.
The Moon is made of rock and dust.
Explanation
An effective conclusion should tie together the main ideas and provide a clear ending to the paragraph. Choice B successfully summarizes the cause of a lunar eclipse (Earth blocking sunlight) and explains the reddish appearance (sunlight filtering through Earth's atmosphere). This conclusion captures both the mechanism and the visual result described in the paragraph. Choice A is incorrect because it claims the Moon stops reflecting light "forever," which contradicts the temporary nature of eclipses. Choice C introduces an unsupported claim about the future. Choice D states a fact about the Moon's composition that's unrelated to the eclipse topic.
Read the informational paragraph and compare the two possible conclusions.
A city’s public transportation system can include buses, subways, and trains. Buses are flexible because routes can be changed and they can reach many neighborhoods. Subways can carry large numbers of passengers quickly because they avoid traffic on roads. Trains can connect cities or suburbs to downtown areas, helping commuters travel longer distances efficiently.
Conclusion 1: "Buses, subways, and trains each serve different transportation needs, and together they help people move around cities more efficiently."
Conclusion 2: "Subways are the best transportation choice, and cities should stop spending money on buses and trains."
Which conclusion better supports the information in the paragraph?
Conclusion 2, because it focuses on one option and adds a strong opinion.
Conclusion 2, because it repeats the word “subway,” which was mentioned in the paragraph.
Conclusion 1, because it synthesizes how all three types work and stays informational.
Both conclusions, because any ending sentence is a good conclusion.
Explanation
The question asks which conclusion better supports the informational paragraph about public transportation. Choice B correctly identifies that Conclusion 1 is better because it synthesizes how all three transportation types (buses, subways, and trains) serve different needs and work together efficiently. This conclusion maintains the informational tone and reflects the balanced presentation in the paragraph. Conclusion 2 introduces a strong opinion favoring only subways and dismissing other options, which contradicts the paragraph's neutral presentation of each system's benefits. The paragraph doesn't rank the transportation types or suggest eliminating any of them.
A student explains how convection works: "When a fluid like air or water is heated, its particles move faster and spread out, making it less dense so it rises. Cooler, denser fluid sinks to take its place. This movement creates a convection current that transfers heat." Which of the following is the best revised conclusion for this explanation?
In closing, convection transfers heat by causing warm, less dense fluid to rise and cool, denser fluid to sink, creating a repeating circulation pattern.
Convection currents are the reason the Sun is hot, and that is why summers are warmer than winters.
In closing, heating makes particles move faster and spread out, and cooling makes particles slow down and get closer together.
In closing, density means how much mass is in a certain volume, and scientists calculate it using formulas.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because it provides the best synthesis of how convection works by clearly stating the complete cycle: warm fluid rises due to lower density, cool fluid sinks due to higher density, creating a circulation pattern that transfers heat. Choice A incorrectly connects convection to why the Sun is hot and seasons change, which wasn't discussed. Choice C focuses only on the definition of density without connecting it to convection currents. Choice D describes particle movement but doesn't explain how this creates convection currents. The best conclusion ties together all the key elements—density changes, fluid movement, and heat transfer—into a clear statement of the complete process.
A student explains how a mixture can be separated using filtration. The passage says that in a mixture of sand and water, the sand does not dissolve. When the mixture is poured through filter paper, the water passes through the tiny holes, but the sand particles are trapped. The water that passes through is called the filtrate. Which conclusion best follows from the explanation and provides closure?
In conclusion, filtration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid because the filter lets the liquid through while trapping the solid particles.
People should never pour anything down a drain unless they are sure it is safe.
Sand is made of tiny pieces of rock, and water molecules are too small to see.
Filtration is the same as evaporation because both methods always create a gas.
Explanation
The correct answer is A because it effectively synthesizes the scientific principle behind filtration explained in the passage. The passage describes how sand doesn't dissolve in water and how filter paper separates them—water passes through the holes while sand particles are trapped. Choice A uses "In conclusion" and then explains the underlying principle: filtration works because the filter allows liquid through while trapping solid particles. This conclusion follows logically from the specific sand-and-water example to state the general principle. Choice B presents incorrect information about evaporation, C states unrelated facts, and D introduces an irrelevant safety opinion not discussed in the passage.
A science article explains: "Vaccines train the immune system by showing it a harmless piece or weakened form of a germ. The body responds by making antibodies and creating memory cells. Later, if the real germ enters the body, the immune system can recognize it quickly and fight it before it causes serious illness." Which conclusion should be revised because it introduces new information instead of summarizing?
In summary, vaccines prepare the immune system in advance so it can respond faster if the real germ appears later.
In conclusion, the first vaccine was invented hundreds of years ago, and modern hospitals store vaccines at specific temperatures to keep them effective.
In closing, vaccines work by giving the body practice so it can defend itself quickly during a future infection.
In conclusion, by building antibodies and memory cells, vaccines help the body recognize and fight certain diseases more effectively.
Explanation
The correct answer is D because this conclusion introduces completely new information that wasn't mentioned in the original explanation. The passage explains how vaccines work by training the immune system with harmless germs, creating antibodies and memory cells for future protection. Choice D suddenly brings up when vaccines were invented and storage temperatures—topics never discussed in the passage. Choices A, B, and C all appropriately synthesize the main idea about how vaccines prepare the body's defenses without adding new facts. A good conclusion should summarize and synthesize existing information, not introduce new topics.