Skeletal and Articular Physiology

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Anatomy › Skeletal and Articular Physiology

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following is not a long bone?

Axis

Second metatarsal

Humerus

Fibula

Explanation

The axis is the only bone listed that is not a long bone. The axis is the second cervical vertebra (C2) and is classified as an irregular bone.

2

The rhomboids downwardly rotate the scapula at the __________ joint.

scapulocostal

facet

sternoclavicular

glenohumeral

spinal

Explanation

When the rhomboids contract, they pull on the scapula, causing the inferior angle of the scapula to swing up toward the spine. This causes the glenoid fossa to orient downward. Thus, the scapula is downwardly rotated by the rhomboids at the scapulocostal joint.

3

In which part of bones does hematopoiesis take place?

Red marrow

Yellow marrow

Compact

Spongy

Periosteum

Explanation

The correct answer is red marrow.

Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells, which is a function of red marrow. Red marrow forms red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets. The process beings with a stem cell that proliferates (reproduces rapidly), differentiates (becomes a specialized cell) and replicates (duplicates).

The other choices are all parts of bones, but have different functions/characteristics besides hematopoiesis. While red marrow contains the red and white blood cells and blood platelets, yellow marrow consists of mostly fat cells. Compact bones are hard and contain closely packed osteons that form a solid mass. The periosteum is the connective tissue covering the surface of a bone. Spongy bones are less dense than compact bone and are lighter than compact bones. It contains plates (trabeculae) of bone and cavities that contain the red marrow.

4

Which of the following parts of the bones is found most deep to all of the other layers?

endosteum

periosteum

cancellous bone

compact bone

spongy bone

Explanation

The endosteum is the layer that is found deep to all layers. It is found in the inner lining of the bone. Meanwhile, the periosteum is the most superficial layer of the bone which compromises the outer covering of bones.

5

The rhomboids downwardly rotate the scapula at the __________ joint.

scapulocostal

facet

sternoclavicular

glenohumeral

spinal

Explanation

When the rhomboids contract, they pull on the scapula, causing the inferior angle of the scapula to swing up toward the spine. This causes the glenoid fossa to orient downward. Thus, the scapula is downwardly rotated by the rhomboids at the scapulocostal joint.

6

Which of the following is not a long bone?

Axis

Second metatarsal

Humerus

Fibula

Explanation

The axis is the only bone listed that is not a long bone. The axis is the second cervical vertebra (C2) and is classified as an irregular bone.

7

Which of the following parts of the bones is found most deep to all of the other layers?

endosteum

periosteum

cancellous bone

compact bone

spongy bone

Explanation

The endosteum is the layer that is found deep to all layers. It is found in the inner lining of the bone. Meanwhile, the periosteum is the most superficial layer of the bone which compromises the outer covering of bones.

8

The rhomboids downwardly rotate the scapula at the __________ joint.

scapulocostal

facet

sternoclavicular

glenohumeral

spinal

Explanation

When the rhomboids contract, they pull on the scapula, causing the inferior angle of the scapula to swing up toward the spine. This causes the glenoid fossa to orient downward. Thus, the scapula is downwardly rotated by the rhomboids at the scapulocostal joint.

9

In which part of bones does hematopoiesis take place?

Red marrow

Yellow marrow

Compact

Spongy

Periosteum

Explanation

The correct answer is red marrow.

Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells, which is a function of red marrow. Red marrow forms red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets. The process beings with a stem cell that proliferates (reproduces rapidly), differentiates (becomes a specialized cell) and replicates (duplicates).

The other choices are all parts of bones, but have different functions/characteristics besides hematopoiesis. While red marrow contains the red and white blood cells and blood platelets, yellow marrow consists of mostly fat cells. Compact bones are hard and contain closely packed osteons that form a solid mass. The periosteum is the connective tissue covering the surface of a bone. Spongy bones are less dense than compact bone and are lighter than compact bones. It contains plates (trabeculae) of bone and cavities that contain the red marrow.

10

Which of the following parts of the bones is found most deep to all of the other layers?

endosteum

periosteum

cancellous bone

compact bone

spongy bone

Explanation

The endosteum is the layer that is found deep to all layers. It is found in the inner lining of the bone. Meanwhile, the periosteum is the most superficial layer of the bone which compromises the outer covering of bones.

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