Ancient Through Medieval Architecture - AP Art History
Card 0 of 472
Which term refers to the style of art and architecture that emerged from the unification of Europe under a centralized Christian aesthetic, inaugurating a massive series of building projects as the Church became the chief patron of the arts?
Which term refers to the style of art and architecture that emerged from the unification of Europe under a centralized Christian aesthetic, inaugurating a massive series of building projects as the Church became the chief patron of the arts?
The Romanesque movement inaugurated the great building projects of the church. Though Byzantine, Gothic, and International style movements are likewise responsible for many of Europe's greatest holy buildings, they are all continuations of and evolutions from the Romanesque style. This question requires students to know the chronology of their aesthetic movements.
The Romanesque movement inaugurated the great building projects of the church. Though Byzantine, Gothic, and International style movements are likewise responsible for many of Europe's greatest holy buildings, they are all continuations of and evolutions from the Romanesque style. This question requires students to know the chronology of their aesthetic movements.
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Of the following choices, which is a recognizable aspect of Romanesque architecture?
Of the following choices, which is a recognizable aspect of Romanesque architecture?
Rounded arches are perhaps the most recognizable feature of Romanesque architecture-not only because they are recognizably "Roman-like" and are similar to the rounded architectural forms found on classical Roman ruins, but also because they stand in stark contrast to the pointed arches of Gothic architecture.
Rounded arches are perhaps the most recognizable feature of Romanesque architecture-not only because they are recognizably "Roman-like" and are similar to the rounded architectural forms found on classical Roman ruins, but also because they stand in stark contrast to the pointed arches of Gothic architecture.
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Semi-circular arches from the first millenneum CE are a common feature of European churches in the style of architecture known as
.
Semi-circular arches from the first millenneum CE are a common feature of European churches in the style of architecture known as .
Romanesque churches dominated European architecture from sometime in the mid-to-late first millennium CE until about 1200. Romanesque churches were massive stone edifices that were marked out by having their doors and windows constructed out of simple semi-circular arches. Romanesque architecture was largely supplanted by the much more ornate and imposing Gothic style in the late Middle Ages.
Romanesque churches dominated European architecture from sometime in the mid-to-late first millennium CE until about 1200. Romanesque churches were massive stone edifices that were marked out by having their doors and windows constructed out of simple semi-circular arches. Romanesque architecture was largely supplanted by the much more ornate and imposing Gothic style in the late Middle Ages.
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The sides of a door or window frame, often decorated with sculpture in medieval churches, is called a
.
The sides of a door or window frame, often decorated with sculpture in medieval churches, is called a .
The side of a window frame or doorway in a medieval church is called a jamb. In medieval churches, the portal (or entrance way) often was elaborated with decorative sculpture on every available surface, including the jamb and the tympanum, the semi-circular or triangular wall space over a door.
The side of a window frame or doorway in a medieval church is called a jamb. In medieval churches, the portal (or entrance way) often was elaborated with decorative sculpture on every available surface, including the jamb and the tympanum, the semi-circular or triangular wall space over a door.
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Both of these buildings are representative of
.
Both of these buildings are representative of .
On the left is Notre Dame de Paris, the seat of the Archbishop of Paris, and on the right is Bath Abbey, a medieval Anglican church. Both of these buildings are prime examples of Gothic architecture, characterized by tall facades, ornate stonework, and large amounts of stained glass.
On the left is Notre Dame de Paris, the seat of the Archbishop of Paris, and on the right is Bath Abbey, a medieval Anglican church. Both of these buildings are prime examples of Gothic architecture, characterized by tall facades, ornate stonework, and large amounts of stained glass.
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The object in the middle of the building is a
.
The object in the middle of the building is a .
Rose windows were a common feature of Gothic architecture. The rose window in Notre Dame is one of the most famous.
Rose windows were a common feature of Gothic architecture. The rose window in Notre Dame is one of the most famous.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
When was this building constructed?
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
When was this building constructed?
This church was constructed in 1436, at the height of the Gothic era of architectural construction. It cannot be the fourteenth century (1300s), as that was the Romanesque era, and churches were not being built with this kind of grandeur and detail. This is also, though, not a Renaissance building. You can tell this because the Renaissance boasted a revival of Classical Greek architecture, which is not seen here. The answer must be fifteenth century.
This church was constructed in 1436, at the height of the Gothic era of architectural construction. It cannot be the fourteenth century (1300s), as that was the Romanesque era, and churches were not being built with this kind of grandeur and detail. This is also, though, not a Renaissance building. You can tell this because the Renaissance boasted a revival of Classical Greek architecture, which is not seen here. The answer must be fifteenth century.
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Which style emerged in France between 1140 and 1270, dominating the artistic mood of Europe for nearly 400 years? The movement is historically associated with the re-urbanization of Europe and, in its late period, an increasing aesthetic of secularity.
Which style emerged in France between 1140 and 1270, dominating the artistic mood of Europe for nearly 400 years? The movement is historically associated with the re-urbanization of Europe and, in its late period, an increasing aesthetic of secularity.
The Gothic style emerged from France, was the longest lasting European architectural movement, and is associated with the rise of the Great cities in Europe. Romanesque and Byzantine architecture are rooted in other regions and were highly religious for the duration of their dominance. The International Style was a very brief phenomenon, and is distinguished by its unique, elongated rendering of the human figure.
The Gothic style emerged from France, was the longest lasting European architectural movement, and is associated with the rise of the Great cities in Europe. Romanesque and Byzantine architecture are rooted in other regions and were highly religious for the duration of their dominance. The International Style was a very brief phenomenon, and is distinguished by its unique, elongated rendering of the human figure.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The plan of the church is oriented like a cross following the plan of what building tradition?
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The plan of the church is oriented like a cross following the plan of what building tradition?
This church is Basilican, which is noteworthy for its cross-style plan, where the long nave is flanked by an aisle on either side. It is longer than it is wide, like a cross would be. The church cannot be a hall plan, as it has aisles and is not oriented in a single rectangular plan. The same is true with octagonal; the church plan does not follow the format of an eight-sided church. Cruciform churches were not popular until much later than this point.
This church is Basilican, which is noteworthy for its cross-style plan, where the long nave is flanked by an aisle on either side. It is longer than it is wide, like a cross would be. The church cannot be a hall plan, as it has aisles and is not oriented in a single rectangular plan. The same is true with octagonal; the church plan does not follow the format of an eight-sided church. Cruciform churches were not popular until much later than this point.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The large window on the front facade above the middle door is called
.
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The large window on the front facade above the middle door is called .
The window is a Rose window, a staple of Romanesque and Gothic architecture, and is very revealing of the time when it appears on a church. These were often made of stained glass, and featured intricate and delicate panes of glass that were in themselves a work of art. The Rose window always sits atop the middle door, and is sometimes flanked by smaller windows on either side.
The window is a Rose window, a staple of Romanesque and Gothic architecture, and is very revealing of the time when it appears on a church. These were often made of stained glass, and featured intricate and delicate panes of glass that were in themselves a work of art. The Rose window always sits atop the middle door, and is sometimes flanked by smaller windows on either side.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
Which is the following is NOT a feature that sets this Gothic cathedral apart from its Romanesque predecessors?
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
Which is the following is NOT a feature that sets this Gothic cathedral apart from its Romanesque predecessors?
The Gothic building tradition is a furthering of the Romanesque, and is more intricate and detailed than Romanesque counterpart buildings. The rose windows are larger and the stained glass more intricate. There was an introduction of the King's Gallery, the row of king sculptures that sit under the rose window. And the facades grew taller and taller until Gothic churches towered over the surrounding city. What didn't change, though, was the Basilican plan.
The Gothic building tradition is a furthering of the Romanesque, and is more intricate and detailed than Romanesque counterpart buildings. The rose windows are larger and the stained glass more intricate. There was an introduction of the King's Gallery, the row of king sculptures that sit under the rose window. And the facades grew taller and taller until Gothic churches towered over the surrounding city. What didn't change, though, was the Basilican plan.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The dome of this cathedral was built after the nave of the church and was architected by
.
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The dome of this cathedral was built after the nave of the church and was architected by .
The main architect of the entire church was Arnolfo Di Cambio, who mastered the nave and the aisles. It was Brunelleschi, though, who pioneered the dome, which is the largest of its kind and was considered an architectural wonder of its time. He was a mathematical genius, and the dome reflected his prowess. Serving under him was the apprentice Leonardo da Vinci, who was young at the time and would go on to pioneer a number of Renaissance buildings.
The main architect of the entire church was Arnolfo Di Cambio, who mastered the nave and the aisles. It was Brunelleschi, though, who pioneered the dome, which is the largest of its kind and was considered an architectural wonder of its time. He was a mathematical genius, and the dome reflected his prowess. Serving under him was the apprentice Leonardo da Vinci, who was young at the time and would go on to pioneer a number of Renaissance buildings.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
Who was the likely patron of this work?
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
Who was the likely patron of this work?
The church at the time had more money than the state and the wealthiest families of Italy. Likely it was the Catholic church itself that commissioned the cathedral. Given also the time it took to build, kings had come and gone and the Medici had gain and subsequently lost their prominence in Italian society, but the church was omnipresent and dominating for the three hundred years it took to go from construction to completion.
The church at the time had more money than the state and the wealthiest families of Italy. Likely it was the Catholic church itself that commissioned the cathedral. Given also the time it took to build, kings had come and gone and the Medici had gain and subsequently lost their prominence in Italian society, but the church was omnipresent and dominating for the three hundred years it took to go from construction to completion.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The cathedral facade is Gothic, but the dome is like an addition from what tradition?
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The cathedral facade is Gothic, but the dome is like an addition from what tradition?
The dome is Renaissance; it was built two hundred years after the facade of the cathedral, under the guidance of Brunelleschi and his pupil, Leonardo da Vinci. both were pioneers of the Renaissance movement. Note also the shape and nature of the dome; it is very much in the tradition of Classical Greek and later Roman temple construction styles. It is meant very much to emulate the grandeur of the Parthanon, much like the rest of the Renaissance movement emulates Roman and Greek wonders.
The dome is Renaissance; it was built two hundred years after the facade of the cathedral, under the guidance of Brunelleschi and his pupil, Leonardo da Vinci. both were pioneers of the Renaissance movement. Note also the shape and nature of the dome; it is very much in the tradition of Classical Greek and later Roman temple construction styles. It is meant very much to emulate the grandeur of the Parthanon, much like the rest of the Renaissance movement emulates Roman and Greek wonders.
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Which kinds of buildings best articulated the various features of Gothic architecture?
Which kinds of buildings best articulated the various features of Gothic architecture?
Gothic architecture dominated between the fall of Rome in the fifth century CE and the rise of the Renaissance in the fifteenth century. Gothic architecture was notable for large, ornate stone structures with many elements and imposing figures. All of these are best seen in the many Gothic cathedrals that allowed architects and designers their most control over the shape of buildings.
Gothic architecture dominated between the fall of Rome in the fifth century CE and the rise of the Renaissance in the fifteenth century. Gothic architecture was notable for large, ornate stone structures with many elements and imposing figures. All of these are best seen in the many Gothic cathedrals that allowed architects and designers their most control over the shape of buildings.
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<span style="text-decoration: underline; padding-inline: 0.5em;">
</span>, a key feature of Gothic churces, symbolized an effort to reach heaven.
<span style="text-decoration: underline; padding-inline: 0.5em;">
</span>, a key feature of Gothic churces, symbolized an effort to reach heaven.
A key feautre of Gothic churches is their extreme height. This verticality was partly for show, but more importantly symbolized an attempt to reach heaven. For many centuries, Gothic cathedrals were the tallest buildings in Europe.
A key feautre of Gothic churches is their extreme height. This verticality was partly for show, but more importantly symbolized an attempt to reach heaven. For many centuries, Gothic cathedrals were the tallest buildings in Europe.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The long rectangular plan of the cathedral is due to
.
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The long rectangular plan of the cathedral is due to .
The centermost sweeping area of the church is the nave. Its length is what contributes to the rectangular nature of the plan. The aisles are what give the church its cross shape, and the transepts are the outcroppings on the sides. The apex is the half-circle at the top of the nave across from the doors, and is where the church official would stand.
The centermost sweeping area of the church is the nave. Its length is what contributes to the rectangular nature of the plan. The aisles are what give the church its cross shape, and the transepts are the outcroppings on the sides. The apex is the half-circle at the top of the nave across from the doors, and is where the church official would stand.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The Cathedral's size indicates the importance of
.
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
The Cathedral's size indicates the importance of .
The gothic cathedral in general was a display of grand architecture and ornate visual elements, and the church was dominant over the state at that time. But the best answer is the Catholic church's tradition and value in Gothic society. The churches were not meant to impose dominance over secular law, at least not directly; what they were meant to do is reach towards the heavens, encompass the Catholic's desire to be close to God and to build a holy space as grand as one could.
The gothic cathedral in general was a display of grand architecture and ornate visual elements, and the church was dominant over the state at that time. But the best answer is the Catholic church's tradition and value in Gothic society. The churches were not meant to impose dominance over secular law, at least not directly; what they were meant to do is reach towards the heavens, encompass the Catholic's desire to be close to God and to build a holy space as grand as one could.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
There are likely three doors because
.
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
There are likely three doors because .
Three is perhaps the most powerful number in the Catholic world, representing the holy trinity. Gothic cathedrals often featured three doors- a center door as well as two flanking doors. It was believed that one walked in the door a sinner (these were the flanking doors) and walked back out through the grand center doors absolved of their sins in the eyes of God.
Three is perhaps the most powerful number in the Catholic world, representing the holy trinity. Gothic cathedrals often featured three doors- a center door as well as two flanking doors. It was believed that one walked in the door a sinner (these were the flanking doors) and walked back out through the grand center doors absolved of their sins in the eyes of God.
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The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
What Gothic element is NOT featured prominently in the Cathedral (likely replaced by a Renaissance dome)?
The previous images are all public domain and can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence\_Cathedral.
What Gothic element is NOT featured prominently in the Cathedral (likely replaced by a Renaissance dome)?
The cathedral does have a baptistry attached, as was tradition by the time it was completed. There are likely also s-curved figures in the space, as that was the figural building tradition of the time. Bell towers were not featured as much in Gothic architecture, although a spire could have a bell within it. As Gothic cathedrals grew more ornate, square bell towers became spindly and graceful spires, built as high as they could reach. This cathedral, though, does not feature this element.
The cathedral does have a baptistry attached, as was tradition by the time it was completed. There are likely also s-curved figures in the space, as that was the figural building tradition of the time. Bell towers were not featured as much in Gothic architecture, although a spire could have a bell within it. As Gothic cathedrals grew more ornate, square bell towers became spindly and graceful spires, built as high as they could reach. This cathedral, though, does not feature this element.
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