Identifying artists, works, or schools of twentieth- and twenty-first-century 2D art - AP Art History

Jean-Michel Basquiat blossomed in the New York art scene in the early 1980s, thanks to his fusion of social commentary, African-American culture, and street art in his paintings. Using abstract expressionist forms instead of realistic depictions, Basquiat's work is often disturbing and strange, with words and icons illuminating the image. Basquiat died of a heroin overdose in 1987, cutting short his life and career at an early age and increasing the rarity of his existing works.

Robert Rauschenberg was a painter who helped presage the Pop Art movement when he first entered the art scene in the 1950s. His particular genre, which he called "combines," mixed Abstract Expressionist painting with found object art and photography to create paintings with sculptural elements coming out of them. These combines' use of commercial art and images from popular culture became cornerstones of the Pop Art aesthetic.

Pop Art was a twentieth-century art movement defined by the way it repurposed and engaged with everyday, common forms of art, like advertisements and comic books. The other answer describes elements of cubism (viewing three-dimensional shapes from different perspectives at once).

The Dada school developed during the last years of World War I. Duchamp acted as a major contributor to the Dada school, and his work Fountain was one of the movement's best-known and most controversial works of art.

Piet Mondrian was a Dutch artist who belonged to the artistic movement known as De Stijl ("The Style" in Dutch.) The principles of De Stijl were to reduce artistic forms to their simplest, most functional forms. Mondrian's specific form, which he developed in Paris between the World Wars and called "Neo-plasticism," featured mostly white canvases, which were bisected at various parts by perpendicular black lines and had fields of color only in the three primary colors.

Salvador Dali's works were defined by realistic-looking objects placed in strange landscapes and weird positions. All of these are hallmarks of surrealism, which was influenced by the burgeoning field of psychotherapy, and drew on dreamlike imagery and situations. Dali helped pioneer surrealism, and remains one of its best-known artists.

"Fauvism" is so named because the term "fauve," or "wild beast," was attributed to certain artists exhibiting at the 1905 Salon d'Automne. Their lack of realism, especially in the use of nonrepresentational colors, led to severe criticism of their work. Their movement was named after this insulting nickname.

Matisse wanted color to reflect feelings, and so used "nonrepresentational colors." He and the Fauves freed color from realistic representation of the subject. All the others are more traditional and realistic in their use of color.

Winslow Homer, J.M.W. Turner, and Eugène Delacroix are known as impressionist painters. Frank Weston Benson is known for realistic paintings, American impressionism, watercolors and etchings. Someone familiar with the works of Pablo Picasso and the specific style that Cubism entails should be able to deduce that Pablo Picasso, of the choices given, is known as the father of Cubism.

Dali is the only Spanish Surrealist artist in this list. Though Goya created many dream-like paintings in his Black Period, it does not fit the century specified, and Giorgio de Chirico is of Italian decent.

This painting is in the cubist style, which can be detected in the use of disjoint geometric shapes that depict the subject from multiple angles at the same time. Since Cubism is an exclusively 20th century movement, that's what the answer must be.

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This is a self-portrait of Van Gogh. You can recognize his characteristic large brush strokes and post-impressionist aesthetic.

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Wassily Kandinsky was the most influential expressionist of the early twentieth century. Kandinsky's style, which was dominated by abstract forms, expressive lines, and flowing brushstrokes, would prove to be immensely popular among fellow artists, while his theoretical writing, which connected art to music, also proved influential. Kandinsky had to flee both the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Nazis in the 1930s because of his controversial artwork.

Andy Warhol's 1962 series Campbell's Soup Cans was 32 separate screen-printed paintings of cans of Campbell's soup, each one depicting one of the different varieties Campbell offered at the time. The work featured many of Warhol's hallmarks, including screen-printing, repetition, and the use of commercial imagery. The work was Warhol's first well known piece, and helped launch his career, which would see him as a painter, filmmaker, art theorist, and screen-printer.

Georgia O'Keefe developed a unique, instantly recognizable style that focused on flowers presented in vivid colors in an extreme close-up perspective. This style grew out of Modernism and its use of bright color and different perspective. O'Keefe proved influential in her ability to capture nature and natural images in paintings in a striking manner.

Pop Art as a general movement sought to bring post-World War II American popular culture into high art. One of the more famous approaches to this was Roy Lichtenstein's appropriation of comic book imagery. Lichtenstein painted all of his canvases by hand, but would copy one frame from a comic, including shaded dots, dialogue bubbles, and weak colors, onto a large canvas.

The Persistence of Memory, completed in 1931 and hanging in the Museum of Modern Art, is widely considered Salvador Dali's masterpiece. The canvas features many of Dali's surrealist hallmarks, with a strange landscape as the background of an image of clocks that appear to be melting over branches and ledges. Dali's work is considered emblematic of surrealism, which drew on Jungian dream theory to create strange images in artwork.

Regionalism was an art movement that sprung up after World War I in America that sought to paint naturalistic scenes of regional America. Foremost among the Regionalists was Thomas Hart Benton, who was inspired by politically conscious muralists like Diego Rivera to make large-scale works about his native Midwest. Benton's work often had political overtones that supported left-wing positions, and he was influential as an art teacher.

Picasso's 1907 painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon is largely considered one of the first cubist paintings. As such, Picasso broke with traditional forms of representation, but did so by including many different influences, particularly impressionists like Paul Cézanne and trends toward a primitivism in art. Picasso also began creating the piece after seeing an exhibition on tribal art that included African masks like those portrayed in the painting.

Nighthawks was painted in 1942 by Edward Hopper, who sought to capture the inherent loneliness and suffocation of the "new" urban society as well as the effects of wartime.