Ancient Through Medieval Sculpture - AP Art History
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What is included in a pilgrimage type church, such as St. Sernin in Toulouse?
What is included in a pilgrimage type church, such as St. Sernin in Toulouse?
Pilgrimage type churches housed large crowds on their journey to Compostela or other pilgrimage destinations. Thus, the churches were expanded to accommodate these crowds. The naves were extended; radiating chapels and tribunes were added to house the extra worshippers. Side aisles were doubled, and everything was built on a larger scale.
Pilgrimage type churches housed large crowds on their journey to Compostela or other pilgrimage destinations. Thus, the churches were expanded to accommodate these crowds. The naves were extended; radiating chapels and tribunes were added to house the extra worshippers. Side aisles were doubled, and everything was built on a larger scale.
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What is a "reliquary"?
What is a "reliquary"?
"Reliquaries" are the containers of relics, or the fragmented body parts (usually the bone(s) or bodily object(s)) of a saint or other religious figure. "Reliquaries" varied in size and shape, and could range from a small amulet containing a pinkie finger to a large box containing a leg bone. Touch relics -or objects that had come in contact with a saint or other religious figure, such as a piece of clothing- might also be held within a reliquary.
"Reliquaries" are the containers of relics, or the fragmented body parts (usually the bone(s) or bodily object(s)) of a saint or other religious figure. "Reliquaries" varied in size and shape, and could range from a small amulet containing a pinkie finger to a large box containing a leg bone. Touch relics -or objects that had come in contact with a saint or other religious figure, such as a piece of clothing- might also be held within a reliquary.
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Though was implemented as early as Mesopotamian art, it is a technique that flourished as a part of Byzantine art. It consists of assembling small pieces of glass, stone, metal, and other assorted materials in order to form images and elaborate patterns.
Though was implemented as early as Mesopotamian art, it is a technique that flourished as a part of Byzantine art. It consists of assembling small pieces of glass, stone, metal, and other assorted materials in order to form images and elaborate patterns.
Mosaics are one of the most important legacies of Byzantine art, and remained the envy of Western European artists for centuries to come. Mosaic art included patterns, abstract symbolism, and more realistic images.
Mosaics are one of the most important legacies of Byzantine art, and remained the envy of Western European artists for centuries to come. Mosaic art included patterns, abstract symbolism, and more realistic images.
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A "mandorla" in Romanesque sculpture is .
A "mandorla" in Romanesque sculpture is .
A "mandorla" is an oval of light, typically surrounding the figure of Christ. "Leviathans" (sea monsters) were sometimes depicted in Romanesque Last Judgment scenes, ready to swallow up the condemned. The vertical stone between the portal doors is called a "trumeau."
A "mandorla" is an oval of light, typically surrounding the figure of Christ. "Leviathans" (sea monsters) were sometimes depicted in Romanesque Last Judgment scenes, ready to swallow up the condemned. The vertical stone between the portal doors is called a "trumeau."
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Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The work would have been placed in .
Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The work would have been placed in .
The Christian motif is clear on the work, indicating it would have been on display in a Christian burial place. A sarcophagus would not have been placed in the ground, and this one is not pagan in nature.
The Christian motif is clear on the work, indicating it would have been on display in a Christian burial place. A sarcophagus would not have been placed in the ground, and this one is not pagan in nature.
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Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The time in which this work was produced was also a time of .
Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The time in which this work was produced was also a time of .
The sarcophagus was made in the middle of the fourth century, just as Chrisitanity began to reshape the Roman Empire and split it into two conflicting Christian worlds.
The sarcophagus was made in the middle of the fourth century, just as Chrisitanity began to reshape the Roman Empire and split it into two conflicting Christian worlds.
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Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The figural element reflects which artistic style?
Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The figural element reflects which artistic style?
The figures appear in a Roman style of dress and appearance, although their Christian elements, like the naked Adam and Eve, suggest it is a later Roman style.
The figures appear in a Roman style of dress and appearance, although their Christian elements, like the naked Adam and Eve, suggest it is a later Roman style.
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Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The stylized columns in the work appear to be of what influence?
Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The stylized columns in the work appear to be of what influence?
The Corinthian columns and stylized pediment are orginially from pagan temples and would have been introduced to the Romans by the Greeks.
The Corinthian columns and stylized pediment are orginially from pagan temples and would have been introduced to the Romans by the Greeks.
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Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The work does not demonstrate .
Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The work does not demonstrate .
The work is from the middle of the fourth century and would have predated the height of Byzantium.
The work is from the middle of the fourth century and would have predated the height of Byzantium.
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Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The columns are in what style?
Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The columns are in what style?
The columns sport the leaves of an acanthus plant, which is stylistically representative of the Corinthian order.
The columns sport the leaves of an acanthus plant, which is stylistically representative of the Corinthian order.
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Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The work was comissioned by .
Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
The work was comissioned by .
Junius Bassus was a powerful senator, and the owner of this work. He must have had enough wealth and influence to commission such a work for his death, and he must have been Christian to justify the imagery. He was not a Roman Emperor, and certainly not an "ancient" one, which typically refers to a period about a thousand years before Bassus lived.
Junius Bassus was a powerful senator, and the owner of this work. He must have had enough wealth and influence to commission such a work for his death, and he must have been Christian to justify the imagery. He was not a Roman Emperor, and certainly not an "ancient" one, which typically refers to a period about a thousand years before Bassus lived.
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Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
All of the following can be found in the work EXCEPT .
Pictured above is the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, originally from Rome.
All of the following can be found in the work EXCEPT .
Female figures have been nude almost since the beginning of figurative art. They are not new to the Romans, although they are seen less often.
Female figures have been nude almost since the beginning of figurative art. They are not new to the Romans, although they are seen less often.
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Choose the best answer.
Byzantine art, which developed out of , abandoned the concept of perfection, symmetry and idealistic beauty. Instead, the art of the Byzantine Empire focused on symbolism, intricacy and the ornate.
Choose the best answer.
Byzantine art, which developed out of , abandoned the concept of perfection, symmetry and idealistic beauty. Instead, the art of the Byzantine Empire focused on symbolism, intricacy and the ornate.
Byzantine art evolved from ancient Roman art, although this transition is not superficially obvious. It is important to remember that the Byzantine Empire is at times referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, and that the Byzantine people considered themselves to be Romans through the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. The evolution of style of Byzantine art occurred due to the fact that the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople were considered the bridge between Eastern and Western European cultures. The clash and intermingling of these cultures and religions is what created the unique style and appearance of Byzantine art.
Byzantine art evolved from ancient Roman art, although this transition is not superficially obvious. It is important to remember that the Byzantine Empire is at times referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, and that the Byzantine people considered themselves to be Romans through the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. The evolution of style of Byzantine art occurred due to the fact that the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople were considered the bridge between Eastern and Western European cultures. The clash and intermingling of these cultures and religions is what created the unique style and appearance of Byzantine art.
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The ancient Greco-Roman statue that depicts a fallen soldier of the Galatian people is known as .
The ancient Greco-Roman statue that depicts a fallen soldier of the Galatian people is known as .
The Dying Gaul is a statue most likely originally cast around 200 BCE by a Greek king to commemorate his victory over the Galatians, a Celtic tribe living in modern day Turkey. The sculpture is remarkable for showing the bravery and humanity of the subject, who is marked as Galatian thanks to his haircut and necklace. The Dying Gaul that has survived is a Roman copy of the Greek original that is currently held in the Capitoline Museums in Rome.
The Dying Gaul is a statue most likely originally cast around 200 BCE by a Greek king to commemorate his victory over the Galatians, a Celtic tribe living in modern day Turkey. The sculpture is remarkable for showing the bravery and humanity of the subject, who is marked as Galatian thanks to his haircut and necklace. The Dying Gaul that has survived is a Roman copy of the Greek original that is currently held in the Capitoline Museums in Rome.
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The Siren Vase depicts a scene in an epic by which author?
The Siren Vase depicts a scene in an epic by which author?
The Siren Vase is a type of vessel known as stamnos and is decorated with red and black images. One of the most famous examples of ancient Greek pottery, the Siren Vase (c. 475 BCE) depicts the hero Odysseus battling sirens, enchanting female creatures who lured sailors to their deaths with hypnotic songs. This hero appears in the Homeric epics The Odyssey and The Iliad; none of the other authors were ancient Greek writers.
The Siren Vase is a type of vessel known as stamnos and is decorated with red and black images. One of the most famous examples of ancient Greek pottery, the Siren Vase (c. 475 BCE) depicts the hero Odysseus battling sirens, enchanting female creatures who lured sailors to their deaths with hypnotic songs. This hero appears in the Homeric epics The Odyssey and The Iliad; none of the other authors were ancient Greek writers.
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The Siren Vase is an example of which type of pottery?
The Siren Vase is an example of which type of pottery?
One of the most famous examples of ancient Greek pottery, the Siren Vase (c. 475 BCE) is a major example of Attic red-figure pottery. This type of work became common in the mid-500s BCE and is characterized by red figures on a black background (as opposed to black-figure pottery, which depicts black figures on a red or yellow background). Terracotta pottery is similarly red-colored but typically unpainted.
One of the most famous examples of ancient Greek pottery, the Siren Vase (c. 475 BCE) is a major example of Attic red-figure pottery. This type of work became common in the mid-500s BCE and is characterized by red figures on a black background (as opposed to black-figure pottery, which depicts black figures on a red or yellow background). Terracotta pottery is similarly red-colored but typically unpainted.
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The period after the death of Alexander is referred to as the Hellenistic Period. What is one of the more famous statues of the Hellenistic period named after The god of Winged Victory?
The period after the death of Alexander is referred to as the Hellenistic Period. What is one of the more famous statues of the Hellenistic period named after The god of Winged Victory?
The statue's name is Winged Victory or Nike. In comparison to other statues at this time, this statue is significant due to the fact that the figure is in action or mid movement. The sense of motion and the swift movement of the figure are distinctive to this statue as well as the idea of the Nike brand.
The statue's name is Winged Victory or Nike. In comparison to other statues at this time, this statue is significant due to the fact that the figure is in action or mid movement. The sense of motion and the swift movement of the figure are distinctive to this statue as well as the idea of the Nike brand.
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The Dying Gaul is a famous Roman piece of art in which medium?
The Dying Gaul is a famous Roman piece of art in which medium?
The Dying Gaul is a statue from the third century BCE and is among the most famous pieces of Roman artwork. The statue is remarkable for its tension and lines in the prone figure, who is slouching into repose from his wounds. Additionally, the face conveys an astonishing amount of pathos and misery, while also showing a perfect form in the figure's body.
The Dying Gaul is a statue from the third century BCE and is among the most famous pieces of Roman artwork. The statue is remarkable for its tension and lines in the prone figure, who is slouching into repose from his wounds. Additionally, the face conveys an astonishing amount of pathos and misery, while also showing a perfect form in the figure's body.
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Exekias \[Public domain, CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)\], via Wikimedia Commons.
Given its stylistic and formal elements, to what period can this amphora be attributed?
Exekias \[Public domain, CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)\], via Wikimedia Commons.
Given its stylistic and formal elements, to what period can this amphora be attributed?
Black-figure vases such as this one by Exekias depicting Ajax and Achilles playing dice are emblematic of Athenian ceramic production during the Greek Archaic period (c. 600–480 BCE).
Image: Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game, by Exekias (potter and painter), c. 540-530 BCE. Black-figure painting on a ceramic amphora.
Exekias \[Public domain, CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)\], via Wikimedia Commons.
Black-figure vases such as this one by Exekias depicting Ajax and Achilles playing dice are emblematic of Athenian ceramic production during the Greek Archaic period (c. 600–480 BCE).
Image: Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game, by Exekias (potter and painter), c. 540-530 BCE. Black-figure painting on a ceramic amphora.
Exekias \[Public domain, CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)\], via Wikimedia Commons.
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Image from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AACMA\_679\_Kore\_1.JPG. See page for author \[CC BY-SA 2.5 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)\], via Wikimedia Commons.
From which ancient civilization does this stone sculpture originate?
Image from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AACMA\_679\_Kore\_1.JPG. See page for author \[CC BY-SA 2.5 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)\], via Wikimedia Commons.
From which ancient civilization does this stone sculpture originate?
This sculpture is called Peplos Kore, and has been dated back to 530 BCE, during the Archaic period of Ancient Greek sculpture. The sculpture showcases one of the archetypal figures of Archaic sculpture: the standing draped woman. The subject also showcases what is known as the "Archaic smile," a bland, smiling facial expression born by nearly all Archaic Greek sculptures after 575 BCE.
This sculpture is called Peplos Kore, and has been dated back to 530 BCE, during the Archaic period of Ancient Greek sculpture. The sculpture showcases one of the archetypal figures of Archaic sculpture: the standing draped woman. The subject also showcases what is known as the "Archaic smile," a bland, smiling facial expression born by nearly all Archaic Greek sculptures after 575 BCE.
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