Cellular Division - AP Biology
Card 0 of 2436
During which subphase of interphase are chromosomes duplicated?
During which subphase of interphase are chromosomes duplicated?
Interphase consists of the G1 phase, the S phase, and the G2 phase. Only during the S phase (Synthesis) are the chromosomes (DNA) replicated.
Interphase consists of the G1 phase, the S phase, and the G2 phase. Only during the S phase (Synthesis) are the chromosomes (DNA) replicated.
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In which of the following cell cycle phases does DNA replication occur?
In which of the following cell cycle phases does DNA replication occur?
The "S" phase, known as the synthesis phase, is the portion of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated. The other stages listed do not contain DNA replication. G0 is a cell cycle arrest phase, where a cell remains dormant, awaiting signals to re-enter the cell cycle.
The "S" phase, known as the synthesis phase, is the portion of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated. The other stages listed do not contain DNA replication. G0 is a cell cycle arrest phase, where a cell remains dormant, awaiting signals to re-enter the cell cycle.
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Chromatid separation is associated with what phase of mitosis?
Chromatid separation is associated with what phase of mitosis?
During anaphase, the chromatids aligned on the equator of the cell are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Prophase involves the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes and the removal of the nuclear envelope. The chromosomes align at the equatorial plate during metaphase and are pulled apart by the mitotic spindle fibers during anaphase. The chromatids begin to decondense during telophase, and the nuclear envelopes begin to form again.
During anaphase, the chromatids aligned on the equator of the cell are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Prophase involves the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes and the removal of the nuclear envelope. The chromosomes align at the equatorial plate during metaphase and are pulled apart by the mitotic spindle fibers during anaphase. The chromatids begin to decondense during telophase, and the nuclear envelopes begin to form again.
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The cleavage furrow develops via
.
The cleavage furrow develops via .
The cleavage furrow is the start of physical cell splitting, occurs during telophase, and is called cytokinesis. The cleavage furrow is mediated by motor proteins such as actin and myosin. They tighten a "ring" around the cell until it pinches off into two daughter cells. Note that plant cells also exhibit cytokinesis, but they do so without the formation of a cleavage furrow. Rather, they form a cell plate, which is made of the same material as their cell wall, cellulose.
The cleavage furrow is the start of physical cell splitting, occurs during telophase, and is called cytokinesis. The cleavage furrow is mediated by motor proteins such as actin and myosin. They tighten a "ring" around the cell until it pinches off into two daughter cells. Note that plant cells also exhibit cytokinesis, but they do so without the formation of a cleavage furrow. Rather, they form a cell plate, which is made of the same material as their cell wall, cellulose.
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What stage of mitosis involves the lining up of chromosomes at the equatorial plane of the cell?
What stage of mitosis involves the lining up of chromosomes at the equatorial plane of the cell?
The correct answer is metaphase because this is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes come together and line up in the middle forming the metaphase plate. These chromosomes then get pulled to either side in the anaphase stage.
The correct answer is metaphase because this is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes come together and line up in the middle forming the metaphase plate. These chromosomes then get pulled to either side in the anaphase stage.
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During what phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell, equidistant from both poles of the cell?
During what phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell, equidistant from both poles of the cell?
At metaphase the spindle microtubules that are attached to the kinetochores of the chromosomes move them to the metaphase plate, an imaginary structure at the midway point between the two poles of the cell.
At metaphase the spindle microtubules that are attached to the kinetochores of the chromosomes move them to the metaphase plate, an imaginary structure at the midway point between the two poles of the cell.
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In mitosis, which is the first phase in which chromatin coils and forms chromosomes and the nuclear membrane breaks down?
In mitosis, which is the first phase in which chromatin coils and forms chromosomes and the nuclear membrane breaks down?
Prophase is the first phase of mitosis in which chromatin coils and forms chromosomes, the spindle apparatus begins to form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. The second, third, and fourth phases are metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, respectively.
Prophase is the first phase of mitosis in which chromatin coils and forms chromosomes, the spindle apparatus begins to form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. The second, third, and fourth phases are metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, respectively.
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In mitosis, which is the second phase in which spindle fibers move the chromosomes to the center of the cell where they are aligned?
In mitosis, which is the second phase in which spindle fibers move the chromosomes to the center of the cell where they are aligned?
Metaphase is the second phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers move the chromosomes to the center of the cell where they are aligned. Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, anaphase is the third phase, and telophase is the fourth and final phase.
Metaphase is the second phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers move the chromosomes to the center of the cell where they are aligned. Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, anaphase is the third phase, and telophase is the fourth and final phase.
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In mitosis, which is the third phase in which sister chromatids of chromosomes move toward the opposite poles of the cell?
In mitosis, which is the third phase in which sister chromatids of chromosomes move toward the opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis in which each sister chromatids of each chromosome toward the opposite poles of the cell. Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, metaphase is the second phase, and telophase is the fourth and final phase.
Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis in which each sister chromatids of each chromosome toward the opposite poles of the cell. Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, metaphase is the second phase, and telophase is the fourth and final phase.
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In mitosis, what is the fourth phase in which the chromatids unwind and become elongated and the nuclear membrane starts to form around the DNA?
In mitosis, what is the fourth phase in which the chromatids unwind and become elongated and the nuclear membrane starts to form around the DNA?
Telophase is the fourth and final phase of mitosis in which the new chromatids unwind, the spindle apparatus breaks down, the cells becomes elongated, and a nuclear membrane starts to form around the decondensed DNA (chromatin). Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, metaphase is the second phase, and anaphase is the third phase.
Telophase is the fourth and final phase of mitosis in which the new chromatids unwind, the spindle apparatus breaks down, the cells becomes elongated, and a nuclear membrane starts to form around the decondensed DNA (chromatin). Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, metaphase is the second phase, and anaphase is the third phase.
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The checkpoint at the end of which phase is considered the most important aspect of cell cycle regulation, as any potential problems with it can lead to cancer?
The checkpoint at the end of which phase is considered the most important aspect of cell cycle regulation, as any potential problems with it can lead to cancer?
Cancer can often be the result of a problem with the checkpoint at the end of the G2 phase, as this is the last stop for regulation before the cell undergoes division.
If this checkpoint is not functioning effectively, cells can undergo rapid and unregulated division, resulting in cancer. p53, a cancer suppressor gene, plays a key role in this checkpoint, and is commonly found to be mutated in cancer patients.
Cancer can often be the result of a problem with the checkpoint at the end of the G2 phase, as this is the last stop for regulation before the cell undergoes division.
If this checkpoint is not functioning effectively, cells can undergo rapid and unregulated division, resulting in cancer. p53, a cancer suppressor gene, plays a key role in this checkpoint, and is commonly found to be mutated in cancer patients.
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Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
The S phase is when the cell replicates its DNA, resulting in chromatid pairs that will split apart during mitosis. The G phases are mainly dedicated to protein synthesis and cell growth. The M phase is the act of mitosis.
The S phase is when the cell replicates its DNA, resulting in chromatid pairs that will split apart during mitosis. The G phases are mainly dedicated to protein synthesis and cell growth. The M phase is the act of mitosis.
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What is the purpose of the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
What is the purpose of the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
The G1 phase of the cell cycle serves the important function of giving the cell time to grow and replicate organelles. Formation of the mitotic spindle does not occur until prophase of mitosis, and DNA synthesis takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle. The G1 phase ensures that both daughter cells have adequate cellular machinery and organelles to survive after mitosis.
The G1 phase of the cell cycle serves the important function of giving the cell time to grow and replicate organelles. Formation of the mitotic spindle does not occur until prophase of mitosis, and DNA synthesis takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle. The G1 phase ensures that both daughter cells have adequate cellular machinery and organelles to survive after mitosis.
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In what stage of the cell cycle is a cell’s genetic material replicated?
In what stage of the cell cycle is a cell’s genetic material replicated?
The genetic material of a cell is replicated during the S stage of interphase. The proper DNA replication is crucial to produce two identical daughter cells and to prevent genetic irregularities and disease. Any mistakes in DNA replication are fixed during the S stage as well. The S stage takes place between the G1 and G2 stages of interphase.
The genetic material of a cell is replicated during the S stage of interphase. The proper DNA replication is crucial to produce two identical daughter cells and to prevent genetic irregularities and disease. Any mistakes in DNA replication are fixed during the S stage as well. The S stage takes place between the G1 and G2 stages of interphase.
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The division of a cell's cytoplasm is called
.
The division of a cell's cytoplasm is called .
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Mitosis, also known as karyokinesis, is the division of the nucleus. Note that cytokinesis follows mitosis, and begins during late anaphase.
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Mitosis, also known as karyokinesis, is the division of the nucleus. Note that cytokinesis follows mitosis, and begins during late anaphase.
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In multicellular eukaryotes, there are two distinct cell types: germ cells and somatic cells. Which of the following is characteristic of germ cells?
In multicellular eukaryotes, there are two distinct cell types: germ cells and somatic cells. Which of the following is characteristic of germ cells?
Germ cells are diploid stem cells that give rise to the gametes of organisms that reproduce sexually. These cells can undergo both meiosis and mitosis. Mitosis is used to duplicate the germ cell, while meiosis is used to generate gametes.
Somatic cells are found in all other regions of the body, and are only capable of mitosis.
Germ cells are diploid stem cells that give rise to the gametes of organisms that reproduce sexually. These cells can undergo both meiosis and mitosis. Mitosis is used to duplicate the germ cell, while meiosis is used to generate gametes.
Somatic cells are found in all other regions of the body, and are only capable of mitosis.
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In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis I. Crossing over is the physical exchange of chromosome parts, resulting in recombinant chromosomes and increased genetic variability. In order for this to occur, there is a requirement that the two homologous chromosomes be aligned next to one another, which occurs in prophase I of meiosis during tetrad formation.
Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis I. Crossing over is the physical exchange of chromosome parts, resulting in recombinant chromosomes and increased genetic variability. In order for this to occur, there is a requirement that the two homologous chromosomes be aligned next to one another, which occurs in prophase I of meiosis during tetrad formation.
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A human cell has 44 chromosomes and two X chromosomes. It is
.
A human cell has 44 chromosomes and two X chromosomes. It is .
Since the cell has 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes it must be a somatic cell (2n=46). Two X chromosomes corresponds to a female so it must a somatic cell from a female. Sperm, and ova are the male and female gametes, which are haploid.
Since the cell has 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes it must be a somatic cell (2n=46). Two X chromosomes corresponds to a female so it must a somatic cell from a female. Sperm, and ova are the male and female gametes, which are haploid.
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Meiosis in animals occurs in
.
Meiosis in animals occurs in .
Meiosis is the form of cell division that results in gametes and so meiosis takes place in both ovaries and testes, which are the primary sex organs. Somatic cells undergo mitosis for cell division, which yields identical daughter cells that are diploid.
Meiosis is the form of cell division that results in gametes and so meiosis takes place in both ovaries and testes, which are the primary sex organs. Somatic cells undergo mitosis for cell division, which yields identical daughter cells that are diploid.
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Human gametes are produced by the process of
.
Human gametes are produced by the process of .
Gametes are haploid cells that produced via meiosis. During meiosis, diploid cells divide into four nonidentical haploid daughter cells. Mitosis produces two identical diploid somatic cells from one parent cell.
Gametes are haploid cells that produced via meiosis. During meiosis, diploid cells divide into four nonidentical haploid daughter cells. Mitosis produces two identical diploid somatic cells from one parent cell.
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