Nucleic Acids - AP Biology

DNA wrapped around histone proteins. Basic unit of chromatin packaging in eukaryotes.

Thymine. A-T base pairs form two hydrogen bonds in DNA.

DNA replication. Creates identical copies of DNA for cell division.

Guanine. G-C base pairs form three hydrogen bonds in both DNA and RNA.

DNA and RNA. The two major classes of nucleic acids found in living organisms.

DNA → RNA → Protein. Describes the flow of genetic information in cells.

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil. Pyrimidines have single-ring structures with six atoms.

RNA polymerase. Catalyzes the formation of RNA during transcription.

DNA replication. Creates identical copies of DNA for cell division.

tRNA (transfer RNA). Delivers specific amino acids during protein synthesis.

Double helix. Two antiparallel strands twisted around each other.

Involved in RNA splicing. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins process pre-mRNA.

A pairs with T/U; G pairs with C. Ensures accurate DNA replication and RNA transcription.

Catalytic RNA molecule. RNA with enzymatic activity, like ribosomal peptidyl transferase.

Synthesizes RNA primers. Creates short RNA sequences needed to start DNA synthesis.

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil. Pyrimidines have single-ring structures with six atoms.

DNA → RNA → Protein. Describes the flow of genetic information in cells.

DNA and RNA. The two major classes of nucleic acids found in living organisms.

Translation. The final step converting mRNA sequence into protein sequence.

rRNA (ribosomal RNA). Structural and catalytic component of protein synthesis machinery.

DNA polymerase I. Has 5' to 3' exonuclease activity to remove primers.

G-C pairs (three hydrogen bonds). More hydrogen bonds make G-C pairs more stable than A-T.

DNA wrapped around histone proteins. Basic unit of chromatin packaging in eukaryotes.

Synthesizes new DNA strands. Adds nucleotides to growing DNA strand during replication.

Transcription. The first step in gene expression from DNA to protein.

Guanine. G-C base pairs form three hydrogen bonds in both DNA and RNA.

Removes nucleotides from ends of DNA. Proofreads and removes incorrect nucleotides during replication.

Relieves strain in DNA ahead of replication fork. Prevents overwinding that would halt replication.

Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base. The basic building block of nucleic acids.