Translation - AP Biology
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What is the role of mRNA in translation?
What is the role of mRNA in translation?
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Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome. Template molecule that specifies protein sequence.
Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome. Template molecule that specifies protein sequence.
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Identify the purpose of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
Identify the purpose of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
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Ribosome binding site in prokaryotic mRNA. Helps prokaryotic ribosomes locate translation start site.
Ribosome binding site in prokaryotic mRNA. Helps prokaryotic ribosomes locate translation start site.
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Choose the correct tRNA anticodon for mRNA codon 5'-GCU-3'.
Choose the correct tRNA anticodon for mRNA codon 5'-GCU-3'.
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3'-CGA-5'. Anticodons read codons in complementary, antiparallel fashion.
3'-CGA-5'. Anticodons read codons in complementary, antiparallel fashion.
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Find the correct anticodon for mRNA codon 5'-UAA-3'.
Find the correct anticodon for mRNA codon 5'-UAA-3'.
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No anticodon; it's a stop codon. Stop codons have no corresponding tRNA molecules.
No anticodon; it's a stop codon. Stop codons have no corresponding tRNA molecules.
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What binds to the stop codon during termination?
What binds to the stop codon during termination?
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Release factor. Proteins that recognize stop codons to end synthesis.
Release factor. Proteins that recognize stop codons to end synthesis.
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Identify the purpose of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
Identify the purpose of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
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Ribosome binding site in prokaryotic mRNA. Helps prokaryotic ribosomes locate translation start site.
Ribosome binding site in prokaryotic mRNA. Helps prokaryotic ribosomes locate translation start site.
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Identify the primary structure of a protein.
Identify the primary structure of a protein.
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Sequence of amino acids. Linear order of amino acids in polypeptide chain.
Sequence of amino acids. Linear order of amino acids in polypeptide chain.
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Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
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Ribosome. The cellular machinery where mRNA is translated into proteins.
Ribosome. The cellular machinery where mRNA is translated into proteins.
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What process follows translation in protein synthesis?
What process follows translation in protein synthesis?
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Protein folding and modification. Post-translational processing creates functional proteins.
Protein folding and modification. Post-translational processing creates functional proteins.
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Identify the role of the Kozak sequence.
Identify the role of the Kozak sequence.
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Enhances translation in eukaryotes. Optimizes start codon recognition in eukaryotic cells.
Enhances translation in eukaryotes. Optimizes start codon recognition in eukaryotic cells.
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Find the complementary mRNA for DNA: 3'-TAC-5'.
Find the complementary mRNA for DNA: 3'-TAC-5'.
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5'-AUG-3'. Transcription produces mRNA complementary to template DNA.
5'-AUG-3'. Transcription produces mRNA complementary to template DNA.
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Identify the role of the poly-A tail in mRNA.
Identify the role of the poly-A tail in mRNA.
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Stability and regulation of translation. Protects mRNA from degradation and aids translation.
Stability and regulation of translation. Protects mRNA from degradation and aids translation.
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What is the function of the A site in the ribosome?
What is the function of the A site in the ribosome?
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Holds tRNA carrying the next amino acid. The aminoacyl site where new tRNA enters during elongation.
Holds tRNA carrying the next amino acid. The aminoacyl site where new tRNA enters during elongation.
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What is the function of elongation factors?
What is the function of elongation factors?
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Facilitate elongation of polypeptide chain. Proteins that help tRNA move through ribosomal sites.
Facilitate elongation of polypeptide chain. Proteins that help tRNA move through ribosomal sites.
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Find the complementary mRNA for DNA: 3'-TAC-5'.
Find the complementary mRNA for DNA: 3'-TAC-5'.
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5'-AUG-3'. Transcription produces mRNA complementary to template DNA.
5'-AUG-3'. Transcription produces mRNA complementary to template DNA.
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Find the correct sequence: mRNA: 5'-AUG-3'.
Find the correct sequence: mRNA: 5'-AUG-3'.
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tRNA: 3'-UAC-5'. Anticodons are complementary and antiparallel to codons.
tRNA: 3'-UAC-5'. Anticodons are complementary and antiparallel to codons.
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What molecule carries genetic information?
What molecule carries genetic information?
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mRNA. Messenger RNA templates specify protein sequences.
mRNA. Messenger RNA templates specify protein sequences.
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Which region of tRNA pairs with mRNA codon?
Which region of tRNA pairs with mRNA codon?
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Anticodon. Three-base sequence complementary to mRNA codons.
Anticodon. Three-base sequence complementary to mRNA codons.
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What type of RNA facilitates peptide bond formation?
What type of RNA facilitates peptide bond formation?
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rRNA. Ribosomal RNA acts as the peptidyl transferase enzyme.
rRNA. Ribosomal RNA acts as the peptidyl transferase enzyme.
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What is the role of mRNA in translation?
What is the role of mRNA in translation?
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Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome. Template molecule that specifies protein sequence.
Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome. Template molecule that specifies protein sequence.
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Identify the role of the Kozak sequence.
Identify the role of the Kozak sequence.
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Enhances translation in eukaryotes. Optimizes start codon recognition in eukaryotic cells.
Enhances translation in eukaryotes. Optimizes start codon recognition in eukaryotic cells.
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What process follows translation in protein synthesis?
What process follows translation in protein synthesis?
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Protein folding and modification. Post-translational processing creates functional proteins.
Protein folding and modification. Post-translational processing creates functional proteins.
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Which process involves ribosome scanning for AUG?
Which process involves ribosome scanning for AUG?
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Translation initiation. Ribosome assembly and positioning at start codon.
Translation initiation. Ribosome assembly and positioning at start codon.
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Which molecule initiates translation?
Which molecule initiates translation?
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Initiator tRNA. Special tRNA carrying methionine that starts translation.
Initiator tRNA. Special tRNA carrying methionine that starts translation.
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Which molecule is necessary for translation elongation?
Which molecule is necessary for translation elongation?
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Elongation factors. Required proteins for peptide chain extension.
Elongation factors. Required proteins for peptide chain extension.
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What is the purpose of the 5' cap in eukaryotic mRNA?
What is the purpose of the 5' cap in eukaryotic mRNA?
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Protects mRNA and aids ribosome binding. Enhances mRNA stability and ribosome recognition.
Protects mRNA and aids ribosome binding. Enhances mRNA stability and ribosome recognition.
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Identify the sequence of translation steps.
Identify the sequence of translation steps.
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Initiation, Elongation, Termination. The three phases of protein synthesis in order.
Initiation, Elongation, Termination. The three phases of protein synthesis in order.
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What is the function of the A site in the ribosome?
What is the function of the A site in the ribosome?
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Holds tRNA carrying the next amino acid. The aminoacyl site where new tRNA enters during elongation.
Holds tRNA carrying the next amino acid. The aminoacyl site where new tRNA enters during elongation.
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Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
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Ribosome. The cellular machinery where mRNA is translated into proteins.
Ribosome. The cellular machinery where mRNA is translated into proteins.
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What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
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Attaches amino acids to tRNA. Ensures correct amino acid-tRNA pairing for translation.
Attaches amino acids to tRNA. Ensures correct amino acid-tRNA pairing for translation.
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