Neural Anatomy

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AP Biology › Neural Anatomy

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following cells are responsible for speeding up the action potentials along the axon of a neuron?

Schwann cells

Glial cells

Astrocytes

Ependymal cells

Myocytes

Explanation

The correct answer is Schwann cells. Schwann cells are cells that produce the myelination present on the outer covering of the axon of the neuron. This lipid-rich material helps facilitate the movement of the action potential along the axon from the axon hillock to the axon terminal branches.

2

Which of the following cells are responsible for speeding up the action potentials along the axon of a neuron?

Schwann cells

Glial cells

Astrocytes

Ependymal cells

Myocytes

Explanation

The correct answer is Schwann cells. Schwann cells are cells that produce the myelination present on the outer covering of the axon of the neuron. This lipid-rich material helps facilitate the movement of the action potential along the axon from the axon hillock to the axon terminal branches.

3

Which of the following is true regarding a neuron?

The propagation of signal through a neuron initiates at the dendrite, enters the cell body, and is transmitted from the axon

If an electrical disturbance is large enough in the cell body, the signal generates an action potential at the dendrite

Neurons contain multiple dendrites and cell bodies

Neurons transmit electrical signals from one cell to the other at the cell body

Explanation

Neurons have many dendrites, one cell body, and a single axon with several terminal branches. A dendrite receives an external stimulus and causes an electrical disturbance in the cell body. This electrical disturbance is transmitted to the axon, where an action potential is generated if the stimulus is large enough. The action potential is propagated through the axon and is transmitted to a neighboring neuron at the synapse.

A large enough electrical disturbance will generate an action potential in the axon, but no magnitude of stimulus can create an action potential in the dendrites. Neurons do contain multiple dendrites, but they only contain one cell body and one axon. Finally, neurons transmit electrical signals to other neurons at the synapse, not at the cell body.

4

Which of the following is true regarding a neuron?

The propagation of signal through a neuron initiates at the dendrite, enters the cell body, and is transmitted from the axon

If an electrical disturbance is large enough in the cell body, the signal generates an action potential at the dendrite

Neurons contain multiple dendrites and cell bodies

Neurons transmit electrical signals from one cell to the other at the cell body

Explanation

Neurons have many dendrites, one cell body, and a single axon with several terminal branches. A dendrite receives an external stimulus and causes an electrical disturbance in the cell body. This electrical disturbance is transmitted to the axon, where an action potential is generated if the stimulus is large enough. The action potential is propagated through the axon and is transmitted to a neighboring neuron at the synapse.

A large enough electrical disturbance will generate an action potential in the axon, but no magnitude of stimulus can create an action potential in the dendrites. Neurons do contain multiple dendrites, but they only contain one cell body and one axon. Finally, neurons transmit electrical signals to other neurons at the synapse, not at the cell body.

5

Which portion of the spinal cord sends sensory information to the brain?

Dorsal horn

Ventral horn

Lateral horn

Central canal

Explanation

The spinal cord consists of functional horns that help send information to the brain, as well as to the parts of the body. The dorsal horns send sensory information to the brain, while the ventral horns contain motor neurons.

6

Which portion of the spinal cord sends sensory information to the brain?

Dorsal horn

Ventral horn

Lateral horn

Central canal

Explanation

The spinal cord consists of functional horns that help send information to the brain, as well as to the parts of the body. The dorsal horns send sensory information to the brain, while the ventral horns contain motor neurons.

7

What is the correct order of the spinal meninges starting from the outside going inwards towards the spinal cord (superficial to deep)?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater

Arachnoid mater, pia mater, dura mater

Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater

Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

Explanation

The correct order of the spinal meninges from superficial to deep (outside to inside) is dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is the most outer layer that is closely associated with the skill and vertebral column. Deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater, which contains the cerebrospinal found in the subarachnoid space. Underneath the subarachnoid space lies the pia mater, which is very closely associated with the brain and spinal cord.

8

What is the correct order of the spinal meninges from superficial to deep?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater

Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater

Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater

Arachnoid mater, pia mater, dura mater

Explanation

The correct answer is dura mater, arachnoid and lastly the pia mater. The meninges surround the brain and spinal cord in the central nervous system and are made up of three layers. The outermost layer is the dura mater, beneath it lies the arachnoid and below that is the pia mater.

9

What is the correct order of the spinal meninges starting from the outside going inwards towards the spinal cord (superficial to deep)?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater

Arachnoid mater, pia mater, dura mater

Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater

Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

Explanation

The correct order of the spinal meninges from superficial to deep (outside to inside) is dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is the most outer layer that is closely associated with the skill and vertebral column. Deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater, which contains the cerebrospinal found in the subarachnoid space. Underneath the subarachnoid space lies the pia mater, which is very closely associated with the brain and spinal cord.

10

What is the correct order of the spinal meninges from superficial to deep?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater

Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater

Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater

Arachnoid mater, pia mater, dura mater

Explanation

The correct answer is dura mater, arachnoid and lastly the pia mater. The meninges surround the brain and spinal cord in the central nervous system and are made up of three layers. The outermost layer is the dura mater, beneath it lies the arachnoid and below that is the pia mater.

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