This question tests understanding of political party systems, specifically how proportional representation affects party representation in legislatures. Proportional representation is designed to allocate legislative seats in proportion to the votes each party receives, creating opportunities for smaller parties to gain representation even without winning pluralities in individual districts. The passage explains that this system allows multiple parties to enter parliament based on their overall vote share. Choice A is correct because it accurately describes how proportional representation translates vote shares into seats, increasing opportunities for smaller and minority parties. Choice C is incorrect because it describes single-member district plurality systems (like those common in the U.S.), not proportional representation. To help students: Use concrete examples with numbers showing how 15% of votes might yield 15% of seats under proportional representation but zero seats under plurality rules. Practice calculating seat allocations under different electoral systems to reinforce the concept.