Begin by getting a general idea of the loop logic being executed. For each execution of the first loop, you are assigning a boolean to the vals array. Now, you could rewrite the code a little to make the math easier:

a\[i\] - 1 > 4

really is the same as:

a\[i\] > 5

Now, the only values for which this is true are:

8 and 6 (the first and the 7th values in a).

Now, looking at the second loop, the value s will be "Duns Scotus" for every value that is true in vals. This is because the if statement checks for !vals\[i\]. Thus, the first and the seventh values alone will be "Duns Scotus". Everything else will be "Mithrandir".

Begin by getting a general idea of the loop logic being executed. For each execution of the first loop, you are assigning a boolean to the vals array. Now, you could rewrite the code a little to make the math easier:

a\[i\] - 1 > 4

really is the same as:

a\[i\] > 5

Now, the only values for which this is true are:

8 and 6 (the first and the 7th values in a).

Now, looking at the second loop, the value s will be "Duns Scotus" for every value that is true in vals. This is because the if statement checks for !vals\[i\]. Thus, the first and the seventh values alone will be "Duns Scotus". Everything else will be "Mithrandir".

The expression !(y < 10 || y > 10) evaluates to (y >= 10 && y <= 10).

Since y = 10, the expression evaluates to true.

The expression !(y < 10 || y > 10) evaluates to (y >= 10 && y <= 10).

Since y = 10, the expression evaluates to true.

c) is the correct choice because a = 6 - 2 since d = 6 and b = 2. Substitute the numbers for the variables in each answer choice. You will see that all of the answer choices are not equal to 4 except for c).

Answer: II, IV, V

The best way to approach this problem is to divide each conditional into chunks. Then, if there is at least one True in a long list of OR statements, the statement must be true according to Boolean Logic. Likewise, if there is at least one False in a long list of AND's, the statment must be False. For example

False && False && False && True evalulates to False

and

True || False || False ... evaluetes to True

Statement I evalutes to False because False and any number of And's must evaluate to false because False && X evalutes to False, regardless of the value of X.

Statement II evalutes to True because there is one True statement in a list of OR's that make the entire statement True.

Statement III evalutes to False for the same reason Statement I does.

Statement IV is true because although the conditionals in the parentheses are False, the ! (not) operator negates the False to True.

Statement V is true.

Answer: II, IV, V

The best way to approach this problem is to divide each conditional into chunks. Then, if there is at least one True in a long list of OR statements, the statement must be true according to Boolean Logic. Likewise, if there is at least one False in a long list of AND's, the statment must be False. For example

False && False && False && True evalulates to False

and

True || False || False ... evaluetes to True

Statement I evalutes to False because False and any number of And's must evaluate to false because False && X evalutes to False, regardless of the value of X.

Statement II evalutes to True because there is one True statement in a list of OR's that make the entire statement True.

Statement III evalutes to False for the same reason Statement I does.

Statement IV is true because although the conditionals in the parentheses are False, the ! (not) operator negates the False to True.

Statement V is true.

c) is the correct choice because a = 6 - 2 since d = 6 and b = 2. Substitute the numbers for the variables in each answer choice. You will see that all of the answer choices are not equal to 4 except for c).

Begin by getting a general idea of the loop logic being executed. For each execution of the first loop, you are assigning a boolean to the vals array. Now, you could rewrite the code a little to make the math easier:

a\[i\] - 1 > 4

really is the same as:

a\[i\] > 5

Now, the only values for which this is true are:

8 and 6 (the first and the 7th values in a).

Now, looking at the second loop, the value s will be "Duns Scotus" for every value that is true in vals. This is because the if statement checks for !vals\[i\]. Thus, the first and the seventh values alone will be "Duns Scotus". Everything else will be "Mithrandir".

c) is the correct choice because a = 6 - 2 since d = 6 and b = 2. Substitute the numbers for the variables in each answer choice. You will see that all of the answer choices are not equal to 4 except for c).