Political Parties; Elites; Ideologies; Mass Politics - AP European History
Card 0 of 674
Which European leader delivered the infamous line "We will bury you!" in a famous televised speech?
Which European leader delivered the infamous line "We will bury you!" in a famous televised speech?
The phrase was uttered to western ambassadors by Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev at the Polish embassy in Moscow, 1956.
It has been contended that the phrase was a mistranslation from Russian into English by Khrushchev's translator, suggesting that a more accurate translation would have been "We shall outlive you."
The phrase was uttered to western ambassadors by Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev at the Polish embassy in Moscow, 1956.
It has been contended that the phrase was a mistranslation from Russian into English by Khrushchev's translator, suggesting that a more accurate translation would have been "We shall outlive you."
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Nicolae Ceaușescu was the Communist dictator of which European country from 1967 to 1989?
Nicolae Ceaușescu was the Communist dictator of which European country from 1967 to 1989?
Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Communist politician who became the head of state of Romania in 1967.
He became famous later in his rule for his extremely strict policies regarding free speech and the press and his brutality against those who held anti-government sentiments. He was overthrown in 1989 when he ordered his forces to open fire on protestors. Eight days later, both he and his wife were captured and executed by firing squad.
Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Communist politician who became the head of state of Romania in 1967.
He became famous later in his rule for his extremely strict policies regarding free speech and the press and his brutality against those who held anti-government sentiments. He was overthrown in 1989 when he ordered his forces to open fire on protestors. Eight days later, both he and his wife were captured and executed by firing squad.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which political ideology views human history primarily as a struggle between economic classes and predicts that the working class will eventually revolt and overthrow the wealthy?
Which political ideology views human history primarily as a struggle between economic classes and predicts that the working class will eventually revolt and overthrow the wealthy?
Karl Marx explained this ideology in The Communist Manifesto. Communism, or Marxism, describes human history as a constant struggle between the rich and poor, and predicts the eventual uprising where the working class (the proletariat) rebels and seizes control.
Totalitarianism is a political system in which the government controls every facet of society and individuals liberties are nearly non-existent.
Fascism is the brand of totalitarianism that developed in European nations such as Germany, Italy, and Spain in the 1920's and '30's, which is also characterized by intense government propaganda to create loyalty to a charismatic leader.
Calvinism is not a political ideology, but a religion. It is a form of Protestantism that differs from other Christian sects in its belief in pre-determination, the idea that one's destination in the afterlife is already determined at birth.
Republicanism is an ideology in which the government is run by representatives elected by the citizens.
Karl Marx explained this ideology in The Communist Manifesto. Communism, or Marxism, describes human history as a constant struggle between the rich and poor, and predicts the eventual uprising where the working class (the proletariat) rebels and seizes control.
Totalitarianism is a political system in which the government controls every facet of society and individuals liberties are nearly non-existent.
Fascism is the brand of totalitarianism that developed in European nations such as Germany, Italy, and Spain in the 1920's and '30's, which is also characterized by intense government propaganda to create loyalty to a charismatic leader.
Calvinism is not a political ideology, but a religion. It is a form of Protestantism that differs from other Christian sects in its belief in pre-determination, the idea that one's destination in the afterlife is already determined at birth.
Republicanism is an ideology in which the government is run by representatives elected by the citizens.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
"All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions."
"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."
The above quotes are most closely associated with which movement?
"All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions."
"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."
The above quotes are most closely associated with which movement?
The two quotes (from John Locke's Second Treatise on Government (1689) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract (1762)) voice the Enlightenment ideal that all men are born with the same natural rights.
The two quotes (from John Locke's Second Treatise on Government (1689) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract (1762)) voice the Enlightenment ideal that all men are born with the same natural rights.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Before the French Revolution, the First Estate referred to which of the following groups?
Before the French Revolution, the First Estate referred to which of the following groups?
The First Estate referred to the clergy in France, so that would be the best answer. The aristocracy was the Second Estate, so that would not be the best choice. The commoners were the Third estate, so likewise that would not be the correct answer here. The free press is sometimes referred to as the Fourth Estate to signify its importance to society, but it was not officially recognized as such before the French Revolution, so that would not be the best answer.
The First Estate referred to the clergy in France, so that would be the best answer. The aristocracy was the Second Estate, so that would not be the best choice. The commoners were the Third estate, so likewise that would not be the correct answer here. The free press is sometimes referred to as the Fourth Estate to signify its importance to society, but it was not officially recognized as such before the French Revolution, so that would not be the best answer.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Before the French Revolution, the Second Estate referred to which group of people?
Before the French Revolution, the Second Estate referred to which group of people?
The clergy were referred to as the First Estate, so that would not be the correct answer here. The commoners were known as the Third Estate, so that too would not be a correct choice. The free press is sometimes called the Fourth Estate, however that term was not in use before the French Revolution, so that would not be the best answer here. Lastly, the aristocracy were referred to as the Second Estate, so that would be the best answer to this question.
The clergy were referred to as the First Estate, so that would not be the correct answer here. The commoners were known as the Third Estate, so that too would not be a correct choice. The free press is sometimes called the Fourth Estate, however that term was not in use before the French Revolution, so that would not be the best answer here. Lastly, the aristocracy were referred to as the Second Estate, so that would be the best answer to this question.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Before the French Revolution, the Third Estate referred to which group of people?
Before the French Revolution, the Third Estate referred to which group of people?
The free press is sometimes called the Fourth Estate but that term was not in use before the French Revolution, so that would not be the correct choice. The clergy were known as the First Estate, so that would not be the best answer here. The aristocracy were known as the Second Estate, so that is not the correct choice either. Lastly, the commoners were known as the Third Estate, so that would be the best answer.
The free press is sometimes called the Fourth Estate but that term was not in use before the French Revolution, so that would not be the correct choice. The clergy were known as the First Estate, so that would not be the best answer here. The aristocracy were known as the Second Estate, so that is not the correct choice either. Lastly, the commoners were known as the Third Estate, so that would be the best answer.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The citizen-commoners of the Roman Republic were known as which of the following?
The citizen-commoners of the Roman Republic were known as which of the following?
The Patricians were the ruling class of the Republic, so that would not be the best answer here. The First Estate referred to the clergy in pre-Revolution France, so that would not be a good answer. The Second Estate referred to the aristocracy in France before the Revolution, so that would not be the correct choice. Similarly, the Third Estate referred to the commoners in France, so that would not be the best choice here. Lastly, Plebeians was the term given to the citizen-commoners in the Republic, so that would be the best choice for this question.
The Patricians were the ruling class of the Republic, so that would not be the best answer here. The First Estate referred to the clergy in pre-Revolution France, so that would not be a good answer. The Second Estate referred to the aristocracy in France before the Revolution, so that would not be the correct choice. Similarly, the Third Estate referred to the commoners in France, so that would not be the best choice here. Lastly, Plebeians was the term given to the citizen-commoners in the Republic, so that would be the best choice for this question.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following was the most powerful family during the Renaissance era?
Which of the following was the most powerful family during the Renaissance era?
The Medici family was an extremely powerful Italian family that controlled the largest bank in Europe during the Renaissance and helped contribute to the great artistic works of the time. Between 1430 and 1470 they spent the equivalent of 500 million dollars commissioning paintings, sculptures, city squares and buildings. Several of Lorenzo Medici’s court members would become some of the world’s most famous artists, such as Piero, Leonardo da Vinci, and Sandro Botticelli. Even Michelangelo, painter of the Sistine Chapel, lived with Lorenzo for 5 years and was a close friend of the family.
The Medici family was an extremely powerful Italian family that controlled the largest bank in Europe during the Renaissance and helped contribute to the great artistic works of the time. Between 1430 and 1470 they spent the equivalent of 500 million dollars commissioning paintings, sculptures, city squares and buildings. Several of Lorenzo Medici’s court members would become some of the world’s most famous artists, such as Piero, Leonardo da Vinci, and Sandro Botticelli. Even Michelangelo, painter of the Sistine Chapel, lived with Lorenzo for 5 years and was a close friend of the family.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Who was elected King of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1573, becoming the first in this new form of government?
Who was elected King of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1573, becoming the first in this new form of government?
Henryk Walezy was the first man elected to be King of the Commonwealth. He was actually a son of the reigning King of France, and he abdicated the throne in order to become King of France in 1574.
Henryk Walezy was the first man elected to be King of the Commonwealth. He was actually a son of the reigning King of France, and he abdicated the throne in order to become King of France in 1574.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the name of the Family that ruled Russia from 1617-1917?
What is the name of the Family that ruled Russia from 1617-1917?
After what is known in Russia as "the time of troubles," the Romanov family took the throne of Russia in 1613, and their dynasty ruled until the Russian Revolution in 1917. The other family names here are of other high ranking noble families in Russia and Eastern Europe
After what is known in Russia as "the time of troubles," the Romanov family took the throne of Russia in 1613, and their dynasty ruled until the Russian Revolution in 1917. The other family names here are of other high ranking noble families in Russia and Eastern Europe
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the name of the position in Britain that began as an adviser to the King and eventually became an executive itself?
What is the name of the position in Britain that began as an adviser to the King and eventually became an executive itself?
The Prime Minister, as a position, was made in order to be a close adviser of the King, over time the position transitioned to one in the parliament, and to being the leader of the Parliament.
The Prime Minister, as a position, was made in order to be a close adviser of the King, over time the position transitioned to one in the parliament, and to being the leader of the Parliament.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The Communist Manifesto was written by __________.
The Communist Manifesto was written by __________.
The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. It outlined the beliefs of communism and socialism, providing a unique approach to historical study. Marx portrayed history as a battle of the classes, with the merchant and middle class finally overcoming the landed aristocracy in the nineteenth century; Marx predicted that the working class would shortly overcome the middle and upper classes.
The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. It outlined the beliefs of communism and socialism, providing a unique approach to historical study. Marx portrayed history as a battle of the classes, with the merchant and middle class finally overcoming the landed aristocracy in the nineteenth century; Marx predicted that the working class would shortly overcome the middle and upper classes.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Reactionaries in nineteenth-century Europe were __________.
Reactionaries in nineteenth-century Europe were __________.
Reactionary, as a political term, means opposed to reform or intent on returning to an even less progressive period in the past. On the European nineteenth-century spectrum, reactionary is as far to the right as you can go, further past conservative, and the polar opposite of radical. Reactionaries in nineteenth-century Europe were the absolute monarchs and nobles who opposed any political or social reform to improve the conditions and power of the lower classes.
Reactionary, as a political term, means opposed to reform or intent on returning to an even less progressive period in the past. On the European nineteenth-century spectrum, reactionary is as far to the right as you can go, further past conservative, and the polar opposite of radical. Reactionaries in nineteenth-century Europe were the absolute monarchs and nobles who opposed any political or social reform to improve the conditions and power of the lower classes.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
All of the following political parties had representation in the first parliament of the Third French Republic (1871-1876) EXCEPT __________.
All of the following political parties had representation in the first parliament of the Third French Republic (1871-1876) EXCEPT __________.
The Third French Republic was inaugurated after the overthrow of Emperor Napoleon III. It reinstated a parliamentary-based Republican form of government to France in 1871. Despite its Republican nature, the Parliament actually was composed mainly by a majority of various Royalists rather than Republicans, although they were split between the rival Orleanist, Legitimist, and Bonapartist groups. As the Third Republic moved towards the twentieth century, more liberal groups, including Socialists and Communists, would find a place in French politics.
The Third French Republic was inaugurated after the overthrow of Emperor Napoleon III. It reinstated a parliamentary-based Republican form of government to France in 1871. Despite its Republican nature, the Parliament actually was composed mainly by a majority of various Royalists rather than Republicans, although they were split between the rival Orleanist, Legitimist, and Bonapartist groups. As the Third Republic moved towards the twentieth century, more liberal groups, including Socialists and Communists, would find a place in French politics.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following English monarchs did NOT belong to the Tudor family?
Which of the following English monarchs did NOT belong to the Tudor family?
Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty in England, and his son was Henry VIII. In turn, Edward VI and Elizabeth I were both children of Henry VIII who ruled over England. Elizabeth I had no heirs upon her death, and the throne passed to James I, who inaugurated the Stuart dynasty.
Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty in England, and his son was Henry VIII. In turn, Edward VI and Elizabeth I were both children of Henry VIII who ruled over England. Elizabeth I had no heirs upon her death, and the throne passed to James I, who inaugurated the Stuart dynasty.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
"Capitalism has triumphed all over the world, but this triumph is only the prelude to the triumph of labour over capital."
The above quotation is most likely to have been said by an adherent of which major ideology?
"Capitalism has triumphed all over the world, but this triumph is only the prelude to the triumph of labour over capital."
The above quotation is most likely to have been said by an adherent of which major ideology?
The above quotation, excerpted from V.I. Lenin's The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism (1913), expresses the communist idea that the world's workers must eventually triumph over the capitalists who exploit their labor for personal gain.
The above quotation, excerpted from V.I. Lenin's The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism (1913), expresses the communist idea that the world's workers must eventually triumph over the capitalists who exploit their labor for personal gain.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following ideas formed the most important point of Vladimir Lenin's interpretation of Marx?
Which of the following ideas formed the most important point of Vladimir Lenin's interpretation of Marx?
In the famous 1902 pamphlet What is to be done?, Lenin outlined his vision of the "vanguard," a dedicated group of effective and professional revolutionaries that educated the workings class on class issues and effected political mobilization. Lenin believed that labor organizations such as unions were, on their own, insufficient to effectively bring about revolution. The revolution needed elites or intellectuals who understood how society worked outside of the narrow views available to the members of one particular class.
In the famous 1902 pamphlet What is to be done?, Lenin outlined his vision of the "vanguard," a dedicated group of effective and professional revolutionaries that educated the workings class on class issues and effected political mobilization. Lenin believed that labor organizations such as unions were, on their own, insufficient to effectively bring about revolution. The revolution needed elites or intellectuals who understood how society worked outside of the narrow views available to the members of one particular class.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
In which country did the style of authoritarian politics known as fascism first take power?
In which country did the style of authoritarian politics known as fascism first take power?
Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party was founded in 1921; it was the first European fascist movement that came to power after Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922. Though fascism would later come to influence movements in many other countries, the ideology's roots lay in Italy. Mussolini's party formed from a split in the Italian Socialist Party. Mussolini and the other future fascists supported Italian intervention in the war in order defeat the traditionalist regimes in Germany and Austria. Fascism was heavily influenced by the left wing of turn-of-the-century European politics, despite the fact that the movement later came to be seen as a far-right movement. Fascism held on to its radical roots, but it came to criticize the class-based view of society of left-wingers. Fascists came to view history as a struggle of nations or races, and most fascist movements came to argue for class cooperation in order to benefit the state or the race.
Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party was founded in 1921; it was the first European fascist movement that came to power after Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922. Though fascism would later come to influence movements in many other countries, the ideology's roots lay in Italy. Mussolini's party formed from a split in the Italian Socialist Party. Mussolini and the other future fascists supported Italian intervention in the war in order defeat the traditionalist regimes in Germany and Austria. Fascism was heavily influenced by the left wing of turn-of-the-century European politics, despite the fact that the movement later came to be seen as a far-right movement. Fascism held on to its radical roots, but it came to criticize the class-based view of society of left-wingers. Fascists came to view history as a struggle of nations or races, and most fascist movements came to argue for class cooperation in order to benefit the state or the race.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Anticipating the death of a childless Queen Anne, British Parliament established that the line of succession would go through the lineage of which of the following individuals?
Anticipating the death of a childless Queen Anne, British Parliament established that the line of succession would go through the lineage of which of the following individuals?
Queen Anne was the last of the Stuart monarchs, and while she gave birth multiple times, none of her children survived into adulthood, leaving no clear heir. Parliament feared that there would be an attempt by Catholic members of the Stuart family to take the throne after her death, which would have resulted in a great deal of violence and bloodshed. In order to ensure that the monarchy stayed with a Protestant, the Act of Settlement of 1701 was passed, which stated that the heir to the throne was to be Sophia of Hanover, a German noblewoman who was the granddaughter of James I of England, and that the line of succession would extend through her descendants as long as they were not Catholic. Sophia died before Anne did, and then upon Anne’s death, Sophia’s son, George, became King George I of England.
Queen Anne was the last of the Stuart monarchs, and while she gave birth multiple times, none of her children survived into adulthood, leaving no clear heir. Parliament feared that there would be an attempt by Catholic members of the Stuart family to take the throne after her death, which would have resulted in a great deal of violence and bloodshed. In order to ensure that the monarchy stayed with a Protestant, the Act of Settlement of 1701 was passed, which stated that the heir to the throne was to be Sophia of Hanover, a German noblewoman who was the granddaughter of James I of England, and that the line of succession would extend through her descendants as long as they were not Catholic. Sophia died before Anne did, and then upon Anne’s death, Sophia’s son, George, became King George I of England.
Compare your answer with the correct one above