Social and Economic History - AP European History
Card 0 of 2433
The commencement of World War I was triggered in part by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, in 1914.
Archduke Ferdinand was heir to the throne of which country?
The commencement of World War I was triggered in part by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, in 1914.
Archduke Ferdinand was heir to the throne of which country?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. He was assassinated on June 28, 1914.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. He was assassinated on June 28, 1914.
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During the Middle Ages in Europe, health care was the dominant responsibility of this group.
During the Middle Ages in Europe, health care was the dominant responsibility of this group.
Despite being excluded from guilds and universities, the majority of caregivers in the Middle Ages were women, in particular family members and domestic servants of families.
Despite being excluded from guilds and universities, the majority of caregivers in the Middle Ages were women, in particular family members and domestic servants of families.
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When did the British Agricultural Revolution take place?
When did the British Agricultural Revolution take place?
The British Agricultural Revolution took place from roughly from 1700 to 1800, the eighteenth century. The British Agricultural Revolution witnessed great technological advancements and political reform which caused the supply of food to increase dramatically. One of the most important social and economic consequences of the revolution was that because of the Enclosure Acts—which granted British lords the right to purchase common land—many small scale farmers were forced to migrate to urban centres. This provided the raw manpower to fuel the Industrial Revolution in the next century.
The British Agricultural Revolution took place from roughly from 1700 to 1800, the eighteenth century. The British Agricultural Revolution witnessed great technological advancements and political reform which caused the supply of food to increase dramatically. One of the most important social and economic consequences of the revolution was that because of the Enclosure Acts—which granted British lords the right to purchase common land—many small scale farmers were forced to migrate to urban centres. This provided the raw manpower to fuel the Industrial Revolution in the next century.
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One of the chief effects of the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth century was __________.
One of the chief effects of the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth century was __________.
The British Agricultural Revolution took place over the entire eighteenth century and was largely spurred by the introduction of crop rotation to the British Isles and the increased use of turnips and clover in fallow fields. This increased the crop yield in Britain exponentially, which allowed the population to nearly double in a century. This effect was a key instigator for the start of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, as many more people could be sustained without having to work in agriculture.
The British Agricultural Revolution took place over the entire eighteenth century and was largely spurred by the introduction of crop rotation to the British Isles and the increased use of turnips and clover in fallow fields. This increased the crop yield in Britain exponentially, which allowed the population to nearly double in a century. This effect was a key instigator for the start of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, as many more people could be sustained without having to work in agriculture.
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Which of the following is the name of the practice that was developed in England during the British Agricultural Revolution and allowed farmers to grow crops and keep livestock year-round while keeping the soil fertile?
Which of the following is the name of the practice that was developed in England during the British Agricultural Revolution and allowed farmers to grow crops and keep livestock year-round while keeping the soil fertile?
The Norfolk four-course system was an important part of the British Agricultural Revolution of the eighteenth century. It was a crop rotation system designed to grow different crops in the same soil at different times of the year. It generally involved a rotation of wheat, turnips, barley, and clover. The advantages were numerous: it allowed farmers to make a much healthier profit, it allowed livestock to be kept and fed year-round, it kept the soil fertile, and it provided greater protection against blights.
The Norfolk four-course system was an important part of the British Agricultural Revolution of the eighteenth century. It was a crop rotation system designed to grow different crops in the same soil at different times of the year. It generally involved a rotation of wheat, turnips, barley, and clover. The advantages were numerous: it allowed farmers to make a much healthier profit, it allowed livestock to be kept and fed year-round, it kept the soil fertile, and it provided greater protection against blights.
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The Enclosure Acts in the early nineteenth century had which of the following effects?
The Enclosure Acts in the early nineteenth century had which of the following effects?
Prior to the signing of the various enclosure acts, much of British farming was done on a very small scale. Most farming was merely subsistence farming, done to support the family with a small amount left over as surplus. The land was generally commonly owned, or rather, was organized in an open field system in which land was divided into small patches worked by peasants. Enclosure Acts made this land private and led to the rise of large-scale agricultural production. This had numerous consequences for British society. It led to a massive surge in agricultural production and a decline in the number of people needed to work the fields to feed the population. This in turn caused many farmers to move either to the colonies (providing the raw manpower for British colonialism) or to move to cities (providing the raw manpower for the Industrial Revolution).
Prior to the signing of the various enclosure acts, much of British farming was done on a very small scale. Most farming was merely subsistence farming, done to support the family with a small amount left over as surplus. The land was generally commonly owned, or rather, was organized in an open field system in which land was divided into small patches worked by peasants. Enclosure Acts made this land private and led to the rise of large-scale agricultural production. This had numerous consequences for British society. It led to a massive surge in agricultural production and a decline in the number of people needed to work the fields to feed the population. This in turn caused many farmers to move either to the colonies (providing the raw manpower for British colonialism) or to move to cities (providing the raw manpower for the Industrial Revolution).
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Which of these individuals is most well-known for pioneering work in the selective breeding of livestock?
Which of these individuals is most well-known for pioneering work in the selective breeding of livestock?
Robert Bakewell is widely considered one of the most influential figures of the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth century. He was one of the first people known to selectively breed livestock, which led to healthier, sturdier, and more useful sheep, horses, and cattle. The effect of this cannot be understated, for it led to far fewer animals being lost to disease and greatly improved the quality and quantity of meat provided by farm animals.
Robert Bakewell is widely considered one of the most influential figures of the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth century. He was one of the first people known to selectively breed livestock, which led to healthier, sturdier, and more useful sheep, horses, and cattle. The effect of this cannot be understated, for it led to far fewer animals being lost to disease and greatly improved the quality and quantity of meat provided by farm animals.
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What term is used to describe soil that is left unsown for a period of time so as to restore its fertility and ability to produce crops?
What term is used to describe soil that is left unsown for a period of time so as to restore its fertility and ability to produce crops?
To let a field "lie fallow” means to leave it unsown and uncultivated for a period of time so as to restore the soil's fertility and ensure that the nutrients in the soil can be replenished. Human civilization has long understood that using the same land over and over again, without interruption, will cause the nutrients in that soil to be depleted and ensure starvation in the long term. To get around this, people often let fields lie “fallow” for a period of time. One of the innovations of the British Agricultural Revolution was the realization that by rotating four particular crops, those crops would use different nutrients and some would even replenish the nutrients in the ground, leading to much less wasted time and space, and less frequent famine and disease.
To let a field "lie fallow” means to leave it unsown and uncultivated for a period of time so as to restore the soil's fertility and ensure that the nutrients in the soil can be replenished. Human civilization has long understood that using the same land over and over again, without interruption, will cause the nutrients in that soil to be depleted and ensure starvation in the long term. To get around this, people often let fields lie “fallow” for a period of time. One of the innovations of the British Agricultural Revolution was the realization that by rotating four particular crops, those crops would use different nutrients and some would even replenish the nutrients in the ground, leading to much less wasted time and space, and less frequent famine and disease.
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Which of the following individuals is well-known for popularizing the use of turnips to keep soil fertile during the British Agricultural Revolution?
Which of the following individuals is well-known for popularizing the use of turnips to keep soil fertile during the British Agricultural Revolution?
Charles “Turnip” Townshend was a long-time British politician who upon retiring from public office popularized the use of turnips to keep soil fertile and prevent farmers from having to spend large periods of each year leaving their land fallow. This was an important step in the British Agricultural Revolution.
Charles “Turnip” Townshend was a long-time British politician who upon retiring from public office popularized the use of turnips to keep soil fertile and prevent farmers from having to spend large periods of each year leaving their land fallow. This was an important step in the British Agricultural Revolution.
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The British agriculturalist Jethro Tull pioneered the __________.
The British agriculturalist Jethro Tull pioneered the __________.
Jethro Tull was a British agriculturist who helped contribute a great deal to the advent of the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth century. He was a deep thinker who wanted to apply the principles of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution to improving the practice of agriculture in Britain. To this end, he pioneered the horse-drawn seed drill and advocated for the use of horses instead of oxen. He also scientifically demonstrated the importance of frequent hoeing to keep the soil healthy.
Jethro Tull was a British agriculturist who helped contribute a great deal to the advent of the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth century. He was a deep thinker who wanted to apply the principles of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution to improving the practice of agriculture in Britain. To this end, he pioneered the horse-drawn seed drill and advocated for the use of horses instead of oxen. He also scientifically demonstrated the importance of frequent hoeing to keep the soil healthy.
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The British Agricultural Revolution took many ideas from the agricultural innovations of the people of which country?
The British Agricultural Revolution took many ideas from the agricultural innovations of the people of which country?
The Waasland region of Belgium was historically a region with very poor-quality soil that led to frequent famine and starvation. It also led to necessary innovation, however. It is from the Waasland that the British imported ideas about the Norfolk four-course system of crop rotation and where Charles Townshend got the idea to use turnips to keep soil fertile and prevent it from needing to lie fallow.
The Waasland region of Belgium was historically a region with very poor-quality soil that led to frequent famine and starvation. It also led to necessary innovation, however. It is from the Waasland that the British imported ideas about the Norfolk four-course system of crop rotation and where Charles Townshend got the idea to use turnips to keep soil fertile and prevent it from needing to lie fallow.
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The Irish potato famine was particularly severe because __________.
The Irish potato famine was particularly severe because __________.
The potato, originally a South American plant, had been a staple part of European agriculture for centuries by the time of the Irish potato famine in 1845. Estimates put two-fifths of the Irish population as solely dependent on the potato for sustenance, with the other proportion being largely dependent as well. After a blight decimated the Irish potato crop, people starved in large numbers, with the problem exacerbated by slow help from the British government. One million people died during the famine, while another million fled Ireland for other countries, lowering the island's population by about 25%.
The potato, originally a South American plant, had been a staple part of European agriculture for centuries by the time of the Irish potato famine in 1845. Estimates put two-fifths of the Irish population as solely dependent on the potato for sustenance, with the other proportion being largely dependent as well. After a blight decimated the Irish potato crop, people starved in large numbers, with the problem exacerbated by slow help from the British government. One million people died during the famine, while another million fled Ireland for other countries, lowering the island's population by about 25%.
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The introduction of which of the following crops from the New World dramatically improved nutrition in Europe and contributed to population growth in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
The introduction of which of the following crops from the New World dramatically improved nutrition in Europe and contributed to population growth in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
The potato is said to have first been brought back to Europe by Sir Walter Raleigh, though this fact may be apocryphal. The potato grows easily in a wide variety of climates and terrains and was quickly adopted and grown across a diverse area of Europe. In countries like Ireland, it led to a dramatic growth in population in a relatively short time. Potatoes are susceptible to disease, and when a potato blight affected Ireland, much of the population died or was forced to emigrate.
The potato is said to have first been brought back to Europe by Sir Walter Raleigh, though this fact may be apocryphal. The potato grows easily in a wide variety of climates and terrains and was quickly adopted and grown across a diverse area of Europe. In countries like Ireland, it led to a dramatic growth in population in a relatively short time. Potatoes are susceptible to disease, and when a potato blight affected Ireland, much of the population died or was forced to emigrate.
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Cornelius Vermuyden __________.
Cornelius Vermuyden __________.
Cornelius Vermuyden was a Dutch engineer who in the seventeenth century introduced Dutch land reclamation projects to Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. This project turned land in Yorkshire and Lancashire into some of the most fecund and productive land area in England and was an important part of the massive increase in food production in England in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Cornelius Vermuyden was a Dutch engineer who in the seventeenth century introduced Dutch land reclamation projects to Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. This project turned land in Yorkshire and Lancashire into some of the most fecund and productive land area in England and was an important part of the massive increase in food production in England in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
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Which of these best describes the Enclosure Movement?
Which of these best describes the Enclosure Movement?
The Enclosure Movement took place gradually in England beginning around the thirteenth century, but really accelerated in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries during the British Agricultural Revolution. The process involved consolidating all the small agricultural landholdings that existed under the “open field” system into a smaller number of much larger farms. This would have many consequences, but the most notable were the dramatic increase in food production and the forced migration of peasants from the countryside to urban areas in search of work.
The Enclosure Movement took place gradually in England beginning around the thirteenth century, but really accelerated in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries during the British Agricultural Revolution. The process involved consolidating all the small agricultural landholdings that existed under the “open field” system into a smaller number of much larger farms. This would have many consequences, but the most notable were the dramatic increase in food production and the forced migration of peasants from the countryside to urban areas in search of work.
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The development of the water frame by __________ increased the productivity of the agricultural and textile industries in the eighteenth century.
The development of the water frame by __________ increased the productivity of the agricultural and textile industries in the eighteenth century.
Richard Arkwright developed the water frame in the second half of the eighteenth century. Along with the flying shuttle and the spinning jenny, it quickly revolutionized the textile and agricultural industries.
Richard Arkwright developed the water frame in the second half of the eighteenth century. Along with the flying shuttle and the spinning jenny, it quickly revolutionized the textile and agricultural industries.
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What was the name of the economic union formed by several German states in the nineteenth century that eliminated tariffs and restrictions within the member states?
What was the name of the economic union formed by several German states in the nineteenth century that eliminated tariffs and restrictions within the member states?
The Zollverein is the name of an economic union established under the direction of Prussia in the 1830s. It provided greater economic unity for the participating German states and encouraged the movement towards German unification.
The Zollverein is the name of an economic union established under the direction of Prussia in the 1830s. It provided greater economic unity for the participating German states and encouraged the movement towards German unification.
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“Gentleman farmers” are so named because __________.
“Gentleman farmers” are so named because __________.
The term “Gentleman farmers” describes a class of people who own so much land that they no longer have to work it for either sustenance or profit.
The term “Gentleman farmers” describes a class of people who own so much land that they no longer have to work it for either sustenance or profit.
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During the Agricultural Revolution, the population of England __________.
During the Agricultural Revolution, the population of England __________.
During the Agricultural Revolution, the population of England more than doubled. The Agricultural Revolution meant that fewer workers could produce a greater surplus of food. A much higher population could be supported by a smaller number of workers than ever before. Many of the displaced rural population moved to cities providing the raw human manpower to spur the Industrial Revolution.
During the Agricultural Revolution, the population of England more than doubled. The Agricultural Revolution meant that fewer workers could produce a greater surplus of food. A much higher population could be supported by a smaller number of workers than ever before. Many of the displaced rural population moved to cities providing the raw human manpower to spur the Industrial Revolution.
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Although the capabilities of coal as a source of fuel had long been known, it was generally rejected as inefficient and harmful to the environment until __________.
Although the capabilities of coal as a source of fuel had long been known, it was generally rejected as inefficient and harmful to the environment until __________.
Coal had always been in abundant supply in Britain and its properties as a source of fuel had long been understood; however, it was genuinely considered too inefficient and harmful to the environment to be worth the effort it took to mine it. This was until Britain’s forests and supply of wood became depleted and the nation was forced to experiment with other means of fueling machinery. This led to several innovations in the mining of coal and the conversion of coal into fuel.
Coal had always been in abundant supply in Britain and its properties as a source of fuel had long been understood; however, it was genuinely considered too inefficient and harmful to the environment to be worth the effort it took to mine it. This was until Britain’s forests and supply of wood became depleted and the nation was forced to experiment with other means of fueling machinery. This led to several innovations in the mining of coal and the conversion of coal into fuel.
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