20th and 21st-Century Trends Practice Test

A 2021 historian of violence and memory argues that, after 1990, European states increasingly institutionalized Holocaust remembrance through museums, school curricula, and commemorative days, partly to anchor democratic values and human-rights norms. The historian notes, however, that “memory politics” also generated conflicts over national responsibility and collaboration. Which development best supports the historian’s claim about institutionalized remembrance?

A 2018 historian summarizes a key 20th-century trend: European societies experienced a “second demographic transition” after the 1960s, marked by lower fertility, later marriage, rising cohabitation, and expanded women’s labor-force participation. The historian argues these shifts reshaped politics by increasing debates over childcare, pensions, and immigration. Which post-1960 development most directly aligns with this interpretation?