Continuity and Changes Amidst Global Conflict Practice Test

A historian summarizes continuity and change in Europe during the world wars: both conflicts relied on mass conscription and demanded sacrifices from civilians, but the Second World War saw more systematic targeting of civilian populations and more ideologically driven violence, including genocide. Which choice best identifies the historian’s main change over time?

A secondary source comparing European global conflicts notes continuity in governments’ use of emergency powers—expanded policing, surveillance, and restrictions on speech—during both world wars. The author also argues that a key change after 1945 was the creation of new international frameworks intended to prevent another general war, even as Cold War tensions persisted. Which option best captures both the continuity and the change described?