Two Super Powers Emerge Practice Test

In 1968, reformers in Czechoslovakia attempted to create “socialism with a human face,” loosening censorship and expanding civil liberties while remaining communist. Warsaw Pact forces invaded to reverse reforms, and Soviet leaders articulated a doctrine justifying intervention to protect socialism in allied states. Which doctrine most directly expressed this superpower claim over Eastern Europe?

After World War II, Western European states pursued economic recovery through U.S.-backed programs and began coordinating trade and production, while Eastern European governments nationalized industry, collectivized agriculture, and aligned foreign policy with Moscow. In speeches and newspapers, commentators described an “Iron Curtain” separating two incompatible systems. Which factor most strongly contributed to this superpower-centered division of Europe?