Second Amendment: Right to Bear Arms Practice Test

Heller held the Second Amendment applies only to state governments, so federal handgun restrictions are always unconstitutional while cities may regulate freely.

The Court required a national “reasonableness” test that automatically validates any gun law supported by a majority vote in the city council.

McDonald incorporated the Second Amendment against states through the Fourteenth Amendment, limiting state and local handgun prohibitions similar to federal limits.

The Court held the Second Amendment protects only hunting and sport, so cities may ban handguns for self-defense without violating any right.

McDonald rejected incorporation and ruled the Second Amendment binds only Congress, leaving Chicago’s handgun restrictions fully insulated from constitutional challenge.