Political Processes - AP Human Geography

A state whose territory corresponds to a single ethnicity. Ideal match between political boundaries and cultural identity.

An ethnic group without a sovereign state. Examples include Kurds, Palestinians, and Catalans.

To promote international peace and security. Established in 1945 after World War II to prevent conflicts.

Manipulating electoral boundaries for political gain. Creates unfair electoral advantages through boundary manipulation.

The authority of a state to govern itself. Supreme authority within a territory without external interference.

A state where power is divided between central and regional governments. Examples include the United States, Canada, and Germany.

Contains multiple ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination. Examples include Canada with Quebec and Spain with Catalonia.

A nation is a cultural group; a state is a political entity. Nations share culture; states have sovereignty over territory.

To promote economic and political integration in Europe. Created through treaties starting with European Coal and Steel Community.

The transfer of power from central to regional governments. Often occurs to accommodate ethnic or regional differences.

An entity composed of multiple countries cooperating for mutual benefit. Examples include EU, UN, NATO, and ASEAN.

The right of people to choose their own political status. Foundational principle in international law and decolonization.

A territory completely surrounded by another state. Vatican City within Rome is a famous example.

A portion of a state geographically separated from the main part. Alaska is an exclave of the United States.

To promote unity and cooperation among African countries. Replaced the Organization of African Unity in 2001.

The study of the effects of geography on politics. Examines how location influences political power and strategy.

A very small country in terms of land area and population. Examples include Vatican City, Monaco, and San Marino.

A vertical plane that cuts through the ground and airspace. Extends sovereignty from ground level to upper atmosphere.

To promote global economic stability. Provides financial assistance and monitors global economic conditions.

The connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to land. Fundamental human geographic concept linking identity to place.

To promote economic growth and regional stability in Southeast Asia. Association of Southeast Asian Nations promotes regional cooperation.

Sovereignty. Must have defined territory, population, government, and independence.

Defines rights and responsibilities of nations in ocean use. Establishes territorial waters, exclusive economic zones, and navigation rights.

Bolivia. South American country without access to ocean coastline.

Gerrymandering. Specific form of electoral boundary manipulation for partisan advantage.

A force that divides people and decreases support for a state. Examples include ethnic conflicts, economic inequality, or separatism.

A force that unifies people and enhances support for a state. Examples include shared language, religion, or national symbols.

The study of the spatial organization of political processes. Examines power distribution across different scales and territories.

To regulate international trade. Replaced GATT to oversee global trade agreements.