The Green Revolution - AP Human Geography

Increased environmental pollution. Chemical runoff and pesticide use created long-term environmental damage.

High costs of seeds and inputs. New technology required significant upfront investment many couldn't afford.

Increased agricultural exports. Surplus production enabled countries to become major agricultural exporters.

World hunger. Sought to feed growing populations and prevent widespread famine.

Increasing crop yields. Higher productivity per hectare was the central objective of all innovations.

Agricultural sector through increased production. Agricultural productivity gains drove economic development in many countries.

Environmental degradation due to chemical use. Soil contamination and ecosystem disruption raised serious environmental concerns.

Irrigation systems. Advanced water management became crucial for maximizing crop yields.

Reduced need for manual labor due to mechanization. Machines replaced workers, causing unemployment and rural-urban migration.

Many traditional practices were abandoned. Indigenous knowledge and diverse farming systems were often replaced.

Increased reliance on technology and chemicals. Agriculture became increasingly industrialized and input-dependent worldwide.

To increase agricultural productivity and reduce hunger. Aimed to prevent mass starvation and improve living standards globally.

Inadequate water resources. HYV seeds required reliable irrigation systems that many regions lacked.

High cost of inputs like seeds and fertilizers. Small farmers often couldn't afford the expensive package of new technologies.

Increased socio-economic disparities. Technology access created wealth gaps between large and small farmers.

Self-sufficiency in food grains. India transformed from food importer to grain exporter by the 1970s.

Monoculture farming. Growing single crops over large areas maximized efficiency but reduced diversity.

Loss of genetic diversity in crops. Traditional crop varieties were replaced by fewer high-yielding strains.

Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These inputs maximized the potential of new seed varieties for higher yields.

High-yielding variety (HYV) seeds. These specially bred seeds were the foundation of increased agricultural productivity.

Ongoing reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Modern agriculture remains dependent on these chemical inputs for productivity.

Urbanization increased as rural workers migrated to cities. Agricultural mechanization displaced farm workers who sought urban employment.

Increased agricultural exports. Higher yields generated surplus crops for international trade markets.

The Rockefeller Foundation. Provided crucial financial backing for agricultural research and development programs.

Lack of infrastructure and investment. Poor transportation, limited credit access, and weak institutions hindered adoption.

Increased food security by boosting production. Dramatically reduced famine risk and improved nutrition in many countries.

Reduction in agricultural biodiversity. Monoculture practices replaced diverse traditional crop varieties.

Sorghum. Research focused primarily on wheat, rice, and maize rather than all crops.

Asia, particularly India and Pakistan. These countries saw dramatic increases in rice and wheat production.