Von Thünen Model - AP Human Geography

The land is an isotropic plain. The land has uniform conditions with no physical barriers or variations.

By balancing transportation costs and land rent. Farmers choose locations where land rent plus transport costs are lowest.

More perishable crops are closer to the market. Farmers grow crops that can afford the transport costs to market.

Assumes roads radiate evenly from the market. Transportation is equally easy in all directions from the center.

Assumes a single climate across the area. Weather conditions don't influence which crops can grow where.

Farmers act to maximize profit. Farmers choose locations and crops that generate the highest profits.

Extensive agriculture. Low transport costs allow location farther from expensive urban land.

The central market or city. This is where farmers sell their products and determines land use patterns.

Transportation costs. Moving goods to market becomes more expensive with greater distance.

Economic rent and spatial distribution. It shows how location affects agricultural profitability and choices.

Dairy farming. Dairy products are perishable and need quick transport to market.

Ranching and animal products. These activities have low transport costs and can be located far from markets.

Assumes a single climate across the area. Weather conditions don't influence which crops can grow where.

The cost of transportation and land rent. Each activity locates where it can maximize profit given these costs.

Forest resources or timber. Wood was heavy to transport and needed for construction and fuel.

It modifies transport cost assumptions. Better transport makes distant locations more economically viable.

Assumes roads radiate evenly from the market. Transportation is equally easy in all directions from the center.

Government policies. Subsidies and regulations can override pure market forces.

More perishable crops are closer to the market. Farmers grow crops that can afford the transport costs to market.

It is used for activities with low transport costs. Cheap transport allows profitable farming despite distance from markets.

By balancing transportation costs and land rent. Farmers choose locations where land rent plus transport costs are lowest.

Urban markets shape surrounding land use. Cities create demand that organizes surrounding agricultural zones.

Market demand is consistent and known. Market prices and demand remain constant across all time periods.

Spatial economic rent. Land value decreases with distance due to transport costs.

It affects proximity to the market. Spoilable products must locate close to markets to remain fresh.

Assumes labor costs are uniform. Worker wages don't vary by distance from the market center.

Soil quality is uniform across the region. Soil fertility doesn't affect which crops grow in different zones.

Mixed farming and crop rotation. This ring combines grain production with livestock raising.

Market size is fixed and central. The market doesn't grow or change its purchasing patterns.