Torque - AP Physics 1
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What is the torque if $F=0$?
What is the torque if $F=0$?
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Zero. No force means no rotational effect can be produced.
Zero. No force means no rotational effect can be produced.
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What does $F$ represent in the torque formula?
What does $F$ represent in the torque formula?
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Magnitude of the force applied. The force magnitude directly affects the rotational strength.
Magnitude of the force applied. The force magnitude directly affects the rotational strength.
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What effect does increasing $\theta$ to $90^\circ$ have on torque?
What effect does increasing $\theta$ to $90^\circ$ have on torque?
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Torque increases. Approaching $90^\circ$ increases $\sin(\theta)$ toward its maximum value.
Torque increases. Approaching $90^\circ$ increases $\sin(\theta)$ toward its maximum value.
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What happens to torque if the angle is decreased from $90^\circ$?
What happens to torque if the angle is decreased from $90^\circ$?
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Torque decreases. Smaller angles reduce $\sin(\theta)$, decreasing rotational effect.
Torque decreases. Smaller angles reduce $\sin(\theta)$, decreasing rotational effect.
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State the effect on torque if the force is perpendicular to the lever arm.
State the effect on torque if the force is perpendicular to the lever arm.
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Torque is maximized. Perpendicular force gives $\sin(90°) = 1$, the maximum torque.
Torque is maximized. Perpendicular force gives $\sin(90°) = 1$, the maximum torque.
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What does $\tau$ represent in the torque formula?
What does $\tau$ represent in the torque formula?
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Torque. Greek letter tau represents the rotational moment or turning effect.
Torque. Greek letter tau represents the rotational moment or turning effect.
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State the relationship between torque and rotational equilibrium.
State the relationship between torque and rotational equilibrium.
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Net torque must be zero. No net torque means no angular acceleration occurs.
Net torque must be zero. No net torque means no angular acceleration occurs.
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Calculate torque: $r=1$ m, $F=10$ N, $\theta=45^\circ$.
Calculate torque: $r=1$ m, $F=10$ N, $\theta=45^\circ$.
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$\tau = 7.07$ Nm. $\tau = 1 \times 10 \times \sin(45°) = 10 \times 0.707 = 7.07$ Nm.
$\tau = 7.07$ Nm. $\tau = 1 \times 10 \times \sin(45°) = 10 \times 0.707 = 7.07$ Nm.
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Which quantity is vector: force, mass, or torque?
Which quantity is vector: force, mass, or torque?
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Torque. Torque has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector.
Torque. Torque has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector.
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What is the formula for torque?
What is the formula for torque?
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$\tau = r \cdot F \cdot \sin(\theta)$. Fundamental formula where all three factors determine rotational effect.
$\tau = r \cdot F \cdot \sin(\theta)$. Fundamental formula where all three factors determine rotational effect.
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What is the effect of negative torque on rotation?
What is the effect of negative torque on rotation?
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Causes clockwise rotation. Negative torque produces rotation opposite to positive direction.
Causes clockwise rotation. Negative torque produces rotation opposite to positive direction.
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Find the lever arm if torque is $20$ Nm and force is $5$ N.
Find the lever arm if torque is $20$ Nm and force is $5$ N.
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$r = 4$ m. From $\tau = rF\sin(\theta)$, assuming $\theta = 90°$: $r = \tau/F = 20/5 = 4$ m.
$r = 4$ m. From $\tau = rF\sin(\theta)$, assuming $\theta = 90°$: $r = \tau/F = 20/5 = 4$ m.
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What does $r$ represent in the torque formula?
What does $r$ represent in the torque formula?
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Distance from pivot point to force application. The lever arm length determines how much turning advantage you have.
Distance from pivot point to force application. The lever arm length determines how much turning advantage you have.
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Which direction is positive torque conventionally?
Which direction is positive torque conventionally?
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Counterclockwise. Standard physics convention for positive rotational direction.
Counterclockwise. Standard physics convention for positive rotational direction.
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Identify the symbol for torque in equations.
Identify the symbol for torque in equations.
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$\tau$. Greek letter tau is the standard physics symbol for torque.
$\tau$. Greek letter tau is the standard physics symbol for torque.
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Find torque: $r=3$ m, $F=15$ N, $\theta=90^\circ$.
Find torque: $r=3$ m, $F=15$ N, $\theta=90^\circ$.
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$\tau = 45$ Nm. $\tau = 3 \times 15 \times \sin(90°) = 3 \times 15 \times 1 = 45$ Nm.
$\tau = 45$ Nm. $\tau = 3 \times 15 \times \sin(90°) = 3 \times 15 \times 1 = 45$ Nm.
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Calculate the torque if $r=2$ m, $F=10$ N, $\theta=0^\circ$.
Calculate the torque if $r=2$ m, $F=10$ N, $\theta=0^\circ$.
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$\tau = 0$ Nm. $\sin(0°) = 0$, so torque equals zero regardless of $r$ and $F$.
$\tau = 0$ Nm. $\sin(0°) = 0$, so torque equals zero regardless of $r$ and $F$.
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Calculate torque for $r=3$ m, $F=10$ N, $\theta=60^\circ$.
Calculate torque for $r=3$ m, $F=10$ N, $\theta=60^\circ$.
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$\tau = 25.98$ Nm. $\tau = 3 \times 10 \times \sin(60°) = 30 \times 0.866 = 25.98$ Nm.
$\tau = 25.98$ Nm. $\tau = 3 \times 10 \times \sin(60°) = 30 \times 0.866 = 25.98$ Nm.
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Calculate torque for $r=1.5$ m, $F=20$ N, $\theta=45^\circ$.
Calculate torque for $r=1.5$ m, $F=20$ N, $\theta=45^\circ$.
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$\tau = 21.21$ Nm. $\tau = 1.5 \times 20 \times \sin(45°) = 30 \times 0.707 = 21.21$ Nm.
$\tau = 21.21$ Nm. $\tau = 1.5 \times 20 \times \sin(45°) = 30 \times 0.707 = 21.21$ Nm.
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Find the torque for $r=2$ m, $F=5$ N, $\theta=30^\circ$.
Find the torque for $r=2$ m, $F=5$ N, $\theta=30^\circ$.
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$\tau = 5$ Nm. $\tau = 2 \times 5 \times \sin(30°) = 2 \times 5 \times 0.5 = 5$ Nm.
$\tau = 5$ Nm. $\tau = 2 \times 5 \times \sin(30°) = 2 \times 5 \times 0.5 = 5$ Nm.
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When is the torque zero?
When is the torque zero?
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When $\theta = 0^\circ$ or $\sin(\theta) = 0$. Force parallel to lever arm produces no rotational effect.
When $\theta = 0^\circ$ or $\sin(\theta) = 0$. Force parallel to lever arm produces no rotational effect.
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State the torque if $F=8$ N, $r=0.5$ m, and $\theta=90^\circ$.
State the torque if $F=8$ N, $r=0.5$ m, and $\theta=90^\circ$.
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$\tau = 4$ Nm. $\tau = 8 \times 0.5 \times \sin(90°) = 8 \times 0.5 \times 1 = 4$ Nm.
$\tau = 4$ Nm. $\tau = 8 \times 0.5 \times \sin(90°) = 8 \times 0.5 \times 1 = 4$ Nm.
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State the effect on torque if $\theta$ changes from $90^\circ$ to $0^\circ$.
State the effect on torque if $\theta$ changes from $90^\circ$ to $0^\circ$.
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Torque decreases to zero. Maximum torque at $90°$ reduces to zero at $0°$.
Torque decreases to zero. Maximum torque at $90°$ reduces to zero at $0°$.
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Choose the effect of increasing $r$ on torque.
Choose the effect of increasing $r$ on torque.
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Torque increases. Torque is directly proportional to lever arm distance.
Torque increases. Torque is directly proportional to lever arm distance.
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State the effect of doubling $r$ on torque if $F$ and $\theta$ are constant.
State the effect of doubling $r$ on torque if $F$ and $\theta$ are constant.
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Torque doubles. Torque is directly proportional to lever arm length.
Torque doubles. Torque is directly proportional to lever arm length.
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State the right-hand rule in torque context.
State the right-hand rule in torque context.
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Curl fingers in rotation direction; thumb points in torque direction. Standard method to determine torque vector direction in 3D.
Curl fingers in rotation direction; thumb points in torque direction. Standard method to determine torque vector direction in 3D.
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Identify the direction of torque for negative angle.
Identify the direction of torque for negative angle.
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Clockwise. Negative angles conventionally indicate clockwise rotation direction.
Clockwise. Negative angles conventionally indicate clockwise rotation direction.
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Identify the unit of torque in the SI system.
Identify the unit of torque in the SI system.
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Newton-meter (Nm). Force times distance gives units of energy per radian.
Newton-meter (Nm). Force times distance gives units of energy per radian.
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What happens to torque if the force increases?
What happens to torque if the force increases?
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Torque increases. Torque is directly proportional to applied force magnitude.
Torque increases. Torque is directly proportional to applied force magnitude.
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Find the net torque: $\tau_1=5$ Nm, $\tau_2=-3$ Nm.
Find the net torque: $\tau_1=5$ Nm, $\tau_2=-3$ Nm.
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$\tau_{net} = 2$ Nm. Vector addition: $5 + (-3) = 2$ Nm in positive direction.
$\tau_{net} = 2$ Nm. Vector addition: $5 + (-3) = 2$ Nm in positive direction.
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