Electric Fields - AP Physics 2

$-1.6 \times 10^{-19}$ C. Elementary negative charge magnitude in coulombs.

Field lines terminate on the conductor. Grounded conductors provide discharge path, terminating field lines.

Zero. No charges inside hollow conductor means zero internal field.

$k = 8.99 \times 10^9 \text{ N m}^2/\text{C}^2$. Standard value for the proportionality constant in vacuum.

Zero, if charges are opposite. Equal magnitudes but opposite directions cancel when charges are opposite.

Zero. Symmetry causes all field contributions to cancel at the center.

Zero. No charges inside hollow conductor means zero internal field.

$E = \frac{kQ}{r^2}$. Coulomb's law applied to field strength, where $k$ is the electric constant.

Zero. Free charges redistribute to cancel internal fields in equilibrium.

Principle of superposition. Vector addition of individual field contributions from multiple sources.

Field strength decreases by a factor of 4. Inverse square relationship: doubling distance quarters the field strength.

Radially inward towards the charge. Electric field points toward negative charges in all directions.

Field is independent of the plate area. Field depends only on charge density and plate separation, not area.

Perpendicular to the surface. Electric field must be normal to conductor surface in equilibrium.

$F = qE$. Force equals charge multiplied by electric field strength.

Electric field decreases by a factor of 4. Inverse square law: field strength decreases by factor of four.

Not necessarily zero. Field and potential are related but independent quantities.

From positive to negative charge. Field lines exit positive charges and enter negative charges.

Same as a point charge: $E = \frac{kQ}{r^2}$. Spherical symmetry makes external field identical to point charge.

$F = \frac{k |q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$. Force between charges depends on product of charges and inverse square of distance.

Field strength is tripled. Field strength is directly proportional to the source charge magnitude.

Radially outward from the charge. Electric field points away from positive charges in all directions.

Zero. Field approaches zero as distance approaches infinity for finite charges.

Zero. Symmetry causes all field contributions to cancel at the center.

$F = \frac{k |q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$. Force between charges depends on product of charges and inverse square of distance.

Radially outward from the charge. Electric field points away from positive charges in all directions.

Zero. Field approaches zero as distance approaches infinity for finite charges.

Newton per coulomb (N/C). Standard SI unit combining force (N) per unit charge (C).

Two equal and opposite charges separated by a distance. Basic configuration creating electric dipole moment and field pattern.