Electromagnetic Waves - AP Physics 2

$c = f \times \text{wavelength}$, where $c$ is the speed of light. Shows how speed equals frequency times wavelength in electromagnetic waves.

Approximately 400 nm to 700 nm. This range covers the spectrum from violet to red light wavelengths.

Radio waves. Radio waves carry television signals through the atmosphere.

Heating food. Microwaves excite water molecules causing food to heat up.

Radio waves. MRI uses radiofrequency waves to excite hydrogen nuclei.

Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, UV, X-ray, Gamma. Listed from lowest to highest frequency across the spectrum.

$3.313 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}$. Using $E = hf$ with $h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34}$ J·s and given frequency.

Energy is directly proportional to frequency. Higher frequency photons carry more energy per quantum.

Microwaves. Microwaves penetrate atmosphere well for long-distance communication.

$5 \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz}$. Using $f = c/\lambda$ with $c = 3 \times 10^8$ m/s and $\lambda = 600 \times 10^{-9}$ m.

$6.05 \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz}$. Using $f = E/h$ with given energy and Planck's constant.

$10^{11} \text{ Hz}$ to $10^{14} \text{ Hz}$. Infrared falls between microwaves and visible light frequencies.

Imaging internal body structures. X-rays penetrate soft tissue but are absorbed by bones.

Infrared. Infrared radiation is emitted by warm objects for heat detection.

$c = f \times \text{wavelength}$, where $c$ is the speed of light. Shows how speed equals frequency times wavelength in electromagnetic waves.

3 m. Using $\lambda = c/f$ with $c = 3 \times 10^8$ m/s and $f = 100 \times 10^6$ Hz.

$E = h \times f$, where $h$ is Planck's constant. This shows photon energy is proportional to frequency.

Radio waves. Longest wavelength means lowest frequency and lowest energy.

Heating food. Microwaves excite water molecules causing food to heat up.

$6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J}\times\text{s}$. This fundamental constant relates photon energy to frequency.

Infrared. Detects heat radiation emitted by objects in darkness.

Gamma rays. Shortest wavelength corresponds to highest frequency and energy.

$3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}$. This is the universal constant for all electromagnetic waves in vacuum.

Approximately $10^{16} \text{ Hz}$ to $10^{19} \text{ Hz}$. X-rays fall between UV and gamma rays in frequency.

1 mm to 1 m. Microwaves fall between radio waves and infrared radiation.

500 nm. Using $\lambda = c/f$ with $c = 3 \times 10^8$ m/s and given frequency.

Gamma rays. Highest frequency means highest energy per photon.

Visible light. Human eyes detect wavelengths roughly from 400-700 nanometers.

Radio waves. Radio waves carry audio and video signals over long distances.