Card 0 of 12274
How long is information stored in our short-term memory?
Information only remains in our short-term memory for about 30 seconds. At the end of this time, this information is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory.
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One example of a hormone which operates on a positive feedback loop is _____________.
Oxytocin works on a positive feedback loop because the actions which oxytocin causes also cause more oxytocin to be produced. This can be seen, among other examples, in the contractions of labor.
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What are chromsones made of?
Chromosomes are complex structures that contain a molecule of DNA and a protein. DNA strands contain genetic information.
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Which one of these concepts is not a part of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Motivation is not included among the list of human needs according to Maslow. Maslow identified five levels in his hierarchy: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
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How long do short-term memories last?
Short-term memories are stored differently than long-term memories. Short-term memories generally include quick observations, and are only stored for 10-30 seconds. Short-term memories must be processed and stored as long-term memory in order to be accessible for any longer period of time.
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According to Drive Reduction Theory, humans' bodies seek __________.
The correct answer here is homeostasis, a internally balanced state in which our needs, and the drives created by those needs, are satisfied. When one is experiencing needs and drives, one is out of homeostasis.
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The Cannon-Bard Theory posits that __________.
Cannon-Bard theory states that we feel emotions and experience physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling, and muscle tension simultaneously.
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Areas of the cerebral cortex which are associated neither with primary motor movements nor with sensory input or processing are referred to as _____________.
Association areas, such as Broca's area, are involved in "higher" brain processes such as pattern recognition, speaking, thinking and memory.
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A lack of which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely to cause clinical depression?
Serotonin is the neurotransmitter that is most responsible for mood control. Therefore, a lack of serotonin would likely result in clinical depression, a mood disorder.
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Which of the following types of cells are not located in the eye?
Olfactory cells are receptors involved with our sense of smell, while the other answer choices are all related to vision, and are located in the eye.
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The sense of smell is more formally referred to as the __________ system.
There are five main sensory systems in the body relating to our senses. The olfactory system is the one that deals with smell. The gustatory system involves taste, the auditory system sound, and the nervous system involves all senses.
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Which of the following follows a circadian rhythm?
A circadian rhythm is any process that abides by a 24-hour rhythm. It is best known for helping to tell our bodies when they need sleep. Having a disrupted circadian rhythm is related to negative health outcomes, including various neurological and cardiological problems.
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The __________ is/are a ring-shaped association of different brain structures in the forebrain, commonly associated with emotions and memories.
The limbic system is composed of the septum, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, and amygdala, plus other more minor formations. This system is particularly associated with the formation of memory.
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When are hypnagogic sensations most likely to be experienced?
Sleep occurs in 4 stages, NREM-1, NREM-2, NREM-3, and REM.
It's during the first stage of sleep (NREM-1) that you may experience images that resemble hallucinations. These experiences occur without a sensory stimulation and can sometimes be later incorporated into one's memories.
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Which of the following is the "deepest" stage of sleep and is most commonly associated with dreams?
REM (rapid eye-movement) sleep is the fifth and final stage of sleep during which the body is in it's deepest sleep. Dreaming is most frequent, most vivid, and most memorable during REM sleep; however, other dreaming can occur during the other sleep stages.
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Which area of the brain works to consolidate memories from short-term memory into long-term memory?
The "hippocampus," part of the brain's limbic system, plays an important role in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. In addition, the hippocampus helps with our spatial navigation.
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What causes the synaptic vesicle to move towards and fuse with the cell membrane allowing for release of neurotransmitter?
Action potentials travel down the axon to the axon terminal. When an action potential arrives in the axon terminal it signals the synaptic vesicles to move toward the cell membrane. The synaptic vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases neurotransmitter.
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When leftover neurotransmitter is present in the synapse there is a process that allows the neurotransmitter to be reabsorbed by the releasing neuron. What is this process called?
Reuptake is a term used to describe the process of a neuron absorbing the remaining neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal for release. SSRIs used to treat depression, they function by inhibiting this reuptake process for serotonin.
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Which neurotransmitter has an inhibitory effect on heart muscle fibers but has an excitatory affect on skeletal muscle fiber?
Acetylcholine affects movement, learning, memory and REM sleep. It has an excitatory affect on skeletal muscle fiber and an inhibitory affect on heart muscle fibers.
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Where are visual receptor cells located in the eye?
The retina captures external light and converts it into visual images that are sent to the brain. The retina contains rods, which detect black and white, and cones, which detect color.
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