Intelligence and Achievement Practice Test

Spearman’s g, because a single general intelligence factor helps explain positive correlations among diverse cognitive test performances.

Fixed-IQ trait theory, because a single score permanently determines all cognitive abilities and cannot be influenced by environment or learning.

Gardner’s multiple intelligences, because independent modules like musical and bodily-kinesthetic abilities are separate and not strongly correlated.

Sternberg’s triarchic theory, because intelligence is best explained by analytical, creative, and practical components working in different settings.