Social-Emotional Development Across the Lifespan Practice Test

Preconventional morality: rule-following is based on avoiding punishment, with little concern for others’ expectations or social approval.

Postconventional morality: rules are evaluated by universal principles, and expectations are secondary to justice and human rights.

Conventional morality: reasoning centers on social approval and meeting expectations of authority figures or groups to be seen as good.

Postconventional morality: reasoning centers on gaining rewards and avoiding costs, treating morality as a personal trade-off calculation.