Europe - AP World History: Modern
Card 0 of 812
Which of these men is famous for discovering that the Earth orbits the Sun, not the other way around as was previously thought?
Which of these men is famous for discovering that the Earth orbits the Sun, not the other way around as was previously thought?
Prior to the research done by Copernicus in the "revolutions of the heavenly spheres," the Earth was thought to be the center of the universe. The Sun, the planets, and all of the stars were thought to revolve around the Earth. Copernicus proved this to be untrue; however, his work was deemed heretical by the Catholic church and would take some time to be accepted outside of scientific circles.
Prior to the research done by Copernicus in the "revolutions of the heavenly spheres," the Earth was thought to be the center of the universe. The Sun, the planets, and all of the stars were thought to revolve around the Earth. Copernicus proved this to be untrue; however, his work was deemed heretical by the Catholic church and would take some time to be accepted outside of scientific circles.
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Which of the following best summarizes the tenets of Deism?
Which of the following best summarizes the tenets of Deism?
Deism emerged for the first time in Europe during the Scientific Revolution. As scientists and thinkers began to understand more about the world, the mysticism of earlier periods began to fade and was replaced with growing comprehension and awareness. Deism is the belief that while God created the world, He did so with certain rules and laws that cannot be broken and now does not interfere in the lives of men or the existence of the world. This is called the belief in the "watchmaker" God.
Deism emerged for the first time in Europe during the Scientific Revolution. As scientists and thinkers began to understand more about the world, the mysticism of earlier periods began to fade and was replaced with growing comprehension and awareness. Deism is the belief that while God created the world, He did so with certain rules and laws that cannot be broken and now does not interfere in the lives of men or the existence of the world. This is called the belief in the "watchmaker" God.
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The heliocentric theory proposed by Copernicus states which of the following?
The heliocentric theory proposed by Copernicus states which of the following?
The heliocentric model of the solar system states that, contrary to earlier understanding, the Earth is not the center of the Universe. Rather, the sun is the center of our solar system. Earth and all the other planets revolve around the sun. This model was first proposed by Nicholas Copernicus and expanded upon by Galileo and Johannes Kepler.
The heliocentric model of the solar system states that, contrary to earlier understanding, the Earth is not the center of the Universe. Rather, the sun is the center of our solar system. Earth and all the other planets revolve around the sun. This model was first proposed by Nicholas Copernicus and expanded upon by Galileo and Johannes Kepler.
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Francis Bacon's model of empiricism is concerned with which of the following?
Francis Bacon's model of empiricism is concerned with which of the following?
Francis Bacon was an English thinker during the Scientific Revolution. He might even reasonably be called "The Father of the Scientific Revolution" for his work on the scientific method and empiricism. The scientific method established an inductive method of inquiry that focuses on the procedure of scientific research to ensure it is carried out free from bias and outside influence to produce the most accurate results. Bacon's methods are still relevant and practiced today.
Francis Bacon was an English thinker during the Scientific Revolution. He might even reasonably be called "The Father of the Scientific Revolution" for his work on the scientific method and empiricism. The scientific method established an inductive method of inquiry that focuses on the procedure of scientific research to ensure it is carried out free from bias and outside influence to produce the most accurate results. Bacon's methods are still relevant and practiced today.
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The Laws of Motion are found in the writings of .
The Laws of Motion are found in the writings of .
Isaac Newton is one of the most important figures of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution. He discovered gravity and was, with Leibniz, the co-inventor of calculus. He also is credited with discovering the three laws of motion, which remain extremely important to our understanding of physics and the universe.
Isaac Newton is one of the most important figures of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution. He discovered gravity and was, with Leibniz, the co-inventor of calculus. He also is credited with discovering the three laws of motion, which remain extremely important to our understanding of physics and the universe.
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Why did Copernicus and Galileo, along with other notable astronomers, often conceal their research from the public during the Scientific Revolution?
Why did Copernicus and Galileo, along with other notable astronomers, often conceal their research from the public during the Scientific Revolution?
Copernicus hid his findings for most of his life, only publishing them when he was close to death, for fear of retribution from the Catholic Church. Galileo likewise hid his research for some time before finally deciding to publish his work, because not doing so would be to go against his conscience. Both men feared retribution from the Catholic church. During the Scientific Revolution, all scientists who disproved a "fact" about human beings or the universe that could be found in the Bible faced scorn, punishment, and even execution at the hands of the Catholic Church, which was desperate to retain control over the understanding of the place of humans and God in the universe.
Copernicus hid his findings for most of his life, only publishing them when he was close to death, for fear of retribution from the Catholic Church. Galileo likewise hid his research for some time before finally deciding to publish his work, because not doing so would be to go against his conscience. Both men feared retribution from the Catholic church. During the Scientific Revolution, all scientists who disproved a "fact" about human beings or the universe that could be found in the Bible faced scorn, punishment, and even execution at the hands of the Catholic Church, which was desperate to retain control over the understanding of the place of humans and God in the universe.
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The growth of what movement during the Renaissance can be seen as a precursor to the Scientific Revolution?
The growth of what movement during the Renaissance can be seen as a precursor to the Scientific Revolution?
The growth of Humanism, which emphasized the ability of human beings to think rationally and solve problems using the logic, evidence, and critical thought recovered from the ancient world, can be understood as a precursor to the Scientific Revolution.
The growth of Humanism, which emphasized the ability of human beings to think rationally and solve problems using the logic, evidence, and critical thought recovered from the ancient world, can be understood as a precursor to the Scientific Revolution.
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Which of these treaties provided religious toleration for Huguenots in France, but required them to disarm?
Which of these treaties provided religious toleration for Huguenots in France, but required them to disarm?
The Peace of Alais was a treaty signed in 1629 between the French monarchy and the leaders of the Huguenots, French Protestants. The peace provided religious toleration for the Huguenots but required them to disarm so that they would no longer be a threat to the crown. The peace did not last, however, as later in the seventeenth century, Louis XIV revoked the arrangement and began official state persecution of Protestants in France.
The Peace of Alais was a treaty signed in 1629 between the French monarchy and the leaders of the Huguenots, French Protestants. The peace provided religious toleration for the Huguenots but required them to disarm so that they would no longer be a threat to the crown. The peace did not last, however, as later in the seventeenth century, Louis XIV revoked the arrangement and began official state persecution of Protestants in France.
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Which of these French rulers did the most to establish and strengthen the French nation-state?
Which of these French rulers did the most to establish and strengthen the French nation-state?
Louis XIV, often known as the Sun King, is perhaps the most significant ruler (excluding, possibly, Napoleon) in French history. He ruled for an unprecedented period of time in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and did a great deal to strengthen the French monarchy and country. His reforms, directed by his Chief Minister Cardinal Mazarin, established national standards for currency, taxes, and language and also helped codify French national identity.
Louis XIV, often known as the Sun King, is perhaps the most significant ruler (excluding, possibly, Napoleon) in French history. He ruled for an unprecedented period of time in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and did a great deal to strengthen the French monarchy and country. His reforms, directed by his Chief Minister Cardinal Mazarin, established national standards for currency, taxes, and language and also helped codify French national identity.
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After victory over France in the Seven Years' War, Britain gained control of much of North America. In which of the following areas did Britain also take control of territory in the post-war treaty?
After victory over France in the Seven Years' War, Britain gained control of much of North America. In which of the following areas did Britain also take control of territory in the post-war treaty?
The Seven Years' War, often called the French and Indian War, was fought between France and Britain between 1756 and 1763. Due to the global nature of the two countries' empires, the war was fought around the world and resulted in numerous territories being exchanged between the two world powers. In the treaty that ended the war, Britain gained control of French holdings in North America and also in the Indian subcontinent.
The Seven Years' War, often called the French and Indian War, was fought between France and Britain between 1756 and 1763. Due to the global nature of the two countries' empires, the war was fought around the world and resulted in numerous territories being exchanged between the two world powers. In the treaty that ended the war, Britain gained control of French holdings in North America and also in the Indian subcontinent.
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Which of these countries was not a major player in the age of exploration and colonialism?
Which of these countries was not a major player in the age of exploration and colonialism?
The six major players in the age of European exploration were France, Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, and Sweden. Germany, which was not a unified country until the 1870s, was not a major player in the age of exploration.
The six major players in the age of European exploration were France, Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, and Sweden. Germany, which was not a unified country until the 1870s, was not a major player in the age of exploration.
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In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias .
In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias .
Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1487. The Cape of Good Hope is the southernmost tip of the African continent, and traversing it was vital to connecting Portugal with the lucrative trade it would soon develop with India and the Far East.
Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1487. The Cape of Good Hope is the southernmost tip of the African continent, and traversing it was vital to connecting Portugal with the lucrative trade it would soon develop with India and the Far East.
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Spain and Portugal divided up much of their newly found territory in 1492 with .
Spain and Portugal divided up much of their newly found territory in 1492 with .
The Treaty of Tordesillas was drawn up in 1492 between the Spanish and the Portuguese and signed by the Pope. It basically divided up the whole world, but especially the American hemisphere, into spheres of Spanish and Portuguese influence in an attempt to prevent future conflict.
The Treaty of Tordesillas was drawn up in 1492 between the Spanish and the Portuguese and signed by the Pope. It basically divided up the whole world, but especially the American hemisphere, into spheres of Spanish and Portuguese influence in an attempt to prevent future conflict.
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John Cabot is notable for which of the following?
John Cabot is notable for which of the following?
John Cabot was an Italian explorer who sailed for North America under the sponsorship of King Henry VII of England in 1497. He is credited as being the first European to set foot on the mainland of the North American continent, although most historians believe that the Vikings had previously done so in the eleventh century.
John Cabot was an Italian explorer who sailed for North America under the sponsorship of King Henry VII of England in 1497. He is credited as being the first European to set foot on the mainland of the North American continent, although most historians believe that the Vikings had previously done so in the eleventh century.
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Which of these countries was the most successful and significant in the first wave of European exploration?
Which of these countries was the most successful and significant in the first wave of European exploration?
Although all of these countries would be significant throughout the period of European exploration and colonialism, it was the Portuguese who had the most early success. Portugal established colonies on the Atlantic coast of Brazil, and was the first to travel around Africa, the first to reach India, and the first to reach the Far East.
Although all of these countries would be significant throughout the period of European exploration and colonialism, it was the Portuguese who had the most early success. Portugal established colonies on the Atlantic coast of Brazil, and was the first to travel around Africa, the first to reach India, and the first to reach the Far East.
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Cartography is .
Cartography is .
Cartography refers to the science of map making, which grew in prominence in the early Age of Exploration as the Spanish and Portuguese explorers (followed later by the Italians, Dutch, French, and English) were discovering new lands (to the Europeans) and thus greatly expanding the size of the known world in Europe and Asia.
Cartography refers to the science of map making, which grew in prominence in the early Age of Exploration as the Spanish and Portuguese explorers (followed later by the Italians, Dutch, French, and English) were discovering new lands (to the Europeans) and thus greatly expanding the size of the known world in Europe and Asia.
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The discovery and mapping of the St. Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier eventually led to the territory of falling under control.
The discovery and mapping of the St. Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier eventually led to the territory of falling under control.
Jacques Cartier was a French explorer and navigator who discovered the St. Lawrence River and claimed the surrounding territory, which would later come to be called Canada, for the French Empire. Like many early European explorers, Cartier thought he had found a passage through the continent to Asia, but like all other explorers of this time period, he was disappointed.
Jacques Cartier was a French explorer and navigator who discovered the St. Lawrence River and claimed the surrounding territory, which would later come to be called Canada, for the French Empire. Like many early European explorers, Cartier thought he had found a passage through the continent to Asia, but like all other explorers of this time period, he was disappointed.
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The American land mass is named after the explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci because he .
The American land mass is named after the explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci because he .
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer and navigator who first understood and demonstrated that the American landmass was not actually part of East Asia, but was instead a separate and distinct landmass. He also made one of the first maps of the New World (rudimentary as it is) and for these achievements had two continents named after him.
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer and navigator who first understood and demonstrated that the American landmass was not actually part of East Asia, but was instead a separate and distinct landmass. He also made one of the first maps of the New World (rudimentary as it is) and for these achievements had two continents named after him.
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The Glorious Revolution of 1688 established the supremacy of in Great Britain.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 established the supremacy of in Great Britain.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was the culminating point of a centuries-long battle between the English monarchy and the British parliament. Earlier in the seventeenth century, Parliamentarians had defeated Royalists in the English Civil War, but the rule of Parliament proved too puritanical for the English people, so the crown was restored, but only temporarily. By 1688, Parliament had grown weary with the ruling James II and "invited" William and Mary to seize power on the condition that they pledge to abide by constitutional laws that placed Parliament above the king. This system of constitutional monarchy has existed in Britain ever since with Parliament constantly and steadily gaining in power and influence.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was the culminating point of a centuries-long battle between the English monarchy and the British parliament. Earlier in the seventeenth century, Parliamentarians had defeated Royalists in the English Civil War, but the rule of Parliament proved too puritanical for the English people, so the crown was restored, but only temporarily. By 1688, Parliament had grown weary with the ruling James II and "invited" William and Mary to seize power on the condition that they pledge to abide by constitutional laws that placed Parliament above the king. This system of constitutional monarchy has existed in Britain ever since with Parliament constantly and steadily gaining in power and influence.
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Napoleon emerged as ruler of France .
Napoleon emerged as ruler of France .
The chaos of the French Revolution created an immense power vacuum in Paris and the infant republican French nation. This vacuum was filled, in spectacular style, by a Corsican member of the French military called Napoleon Bonaparte. He would go on to become one of the most famous and succesful conquerors in European history before extending himself too far and getting exiled not once, but twice.
The chaos of the French Revolution created an immense power vacuum in Paris and the infant republican French nation. This vacuum was filled, in spectacular style, by a Corsican member of the French military called Napoleon Bonaparte. He would go on to become one of the most famous and succesful conquerors in European history before extending himself too far and getting exiled not once, but twice.
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