Europe - AP World History: Modern
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Which of the following treaties ended World War One and provided much of the motivation for World War Two?
Which of the following treaties ended World War One and provided much of the motivation for World War Two?
The Treaty of Versailles ended World War One, but it imposed a series of strict regulations on German recovery and encumbered the already-struggling German nation with an almost unpayable debt. This caused Germany to feel as if the terms were too harsh and to resent them, and contributed to the rise of Hitler and Nazism.
The Treaty of Versailles ended World War One, but it imposed a series of strict regulations on German recovery and encumbered the already-struggling German nation with an almost unpayable debt. This caused Germany to feel as if the terms were too harsh and to resent them, and contributed to the rise of Hitler and Nazism.
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Which of these events was the last to occur?
Which of these events was the last to occur?
The various options given that were battles or attacks (Iwo Jima, Pearl Harbor, and Midway) cannot possibly have occurred after the war was over, so they can be ruled out. V-E Day is the day when victory was secured for the allied forces in Europe. This came a couple of months before V-J Day—"Victory over Japan" Day. V-J Day was August 15th, 1945.
The various options given that were battles or attacks (Iwo Jima, Pearl Harbor, and Midway) cannot possibly have occurred after the war was over, so they can be ruled out. V-E Day is the day when victory was secured for the allied forces in Europe. This came a couple of months before V-J Day—"Victory over Japan" Day. V-J Day was August 15th, 1945.
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The Munich Agreement allowed Germany to annex a portion of which of the following areas?
The Munich Agreement allowed Germany to annex a portion of which of the following areas?
The Munich Agreement was signed by various major European powers in 1938. It allowed the Nazi government of Germany to annex territory (the Sudetenland) in Czechoslovakia. The European powers conceded this because they feared Hitler's aggressive ambitions and sought to placate him with the policy of appeasement.
The Munich Agreement was signed by various major European powers in 1938. It allowed the Nazi government of Germany to annex territory (the Sudetenland) in Czechoslovakia. The European powers conceded this because they feared Hitler's aggressive ambitions and sought to placate him with the policy of appeasement.
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The Axis Powers were .
The Axis Powers were .
In World War Two, the Allied Powers were Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Opposing them were the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan.
In World War Two, the Allied Powers were Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Opposing them were the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan.
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Which of these individuals was not a head of state during the Second World War?
Which of these individuals was not a head of state during the Second World War?
Benito Mussolini was the ruler of fascist Italy; Winston Churchill the Prime Minister of imperial Britain; and Josef Stalin the leader of the communist USSR. Harry Truman became President of the United States in the waning months of the war following the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Douglas MacArthur, however, was an American general who led a large number of forces in the Pacific theatre of the war.
Benito Mussolini was the ruler of fascist Italy; Winston Churchill the Prime Minister of imperial Britain; and Josef Stalin the leader of the communist USSR. Harry Truman became President of the United States in the waning months of the war following the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Douglas MacArthur, however, was an American general who led a large number of forces in the Pacific theatre of the war.
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Which of these was not a condition of the Atlantic Charter signed by Roosevelt and Churchill prior to America's entrance into the Second World War?
Which of these was not a condition of the Atlantic Charter signed by Roosevelt and Churchill prior to America's entrance into the Second World War?
The Atlantic Charter was an agreement signed by the leaders of the United States and the United Kingdom in 1941 prior to America's entrance into the Second World War. The purpose of this charter was to establish the post-war goals of the Allied powers. Namely, it specified that neither power would seek to make territorial gains and that in the post-war era both powers would seek to promote economic prosperity, social equality, and national autonomy around the world. All of these answer choices were part of the charter except the disarmament of nuclear weapons. The atomic bomb was not invented for another few years.
The Atlantic Charter was an agreement signed by the leaders of the United States and the United Kingdom in 1941 prior to America's entrance into the Second World War. The purpose of this charter was to establish the post-war goals of the Allied powers. Namely, it specified that neither power would seek to make territorial gains and that in the post-war era both powers would seek to promote economic prosperity, social equality, and national autonomy around the world. All of these answer choices were part of the charter except the disarmament of nuclear weapons. The atomic bomb was not invented for another few years.
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The fascist Italian government of Benito Mussolini invaded which country in 1935?
The fascist Italian government of Benito Mussolini invaded which country in 1935?
Benito Mussolini and his Fascist party came to power in the 1920s and promptly suspended several freedoms in the Italian state. In 1935 Italy invaded and occupied Ethiopia. The move was widely condemned by the League of Nations and helped further allign Italy with Nazi Germany against much of the rest of Europe.
Benito Mussolini and his Fascist party came to power in the 1920s and promptly suspended several freedoms in the Italian state. In 1935 Italy invaded and occupied Ethiopia. The move was widely condemned by the League of Nations and helped further allign Italy with Nazi Germany against much of the rest of Europe.
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Francisco Franco became the leader of which European country following a civil war in the 1930s?
Francisco Franco became the leader of which European country following a civil war in the 1930s?
Fransisco Franco was a deeply conservative general in the burgeoning Spanish Republic of the 1930s. Franco was dismayed by the movement towards leftist poilitical thinking in Spain and, along with other generals, began the Spanish Civil War to overthrow the Republic. He was succesful (backed by the Italian and German governments) and became a fascist dictator in 1939. He would remain dictator until 1975, but famously kept Spain out of World War Two.
Fransisco Franco was a deeply conservative general in the burgeoning Spanish Republic of the 1930s. Franco was dismayed by the movement towards leftist poilitical thinking in Spain and, along with other generals, began the Spanish Civil War to overthrow the Republic. He was succesful (backed by the Italian and German governments) and became a fascist dictator in 1939. He would remain dictator until 1975, but famously kept Spain out of World War Two.
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The Berlin Airlift occurred in the aftermath of .
The Berlin Airlift occurred in the aftermath of .
After the end of World War Two, the city of Berlin was divided into four zones of control: American, British, French, and Russian; however, the city itself was located in East Germany and thus under direct control of the Soviet Union. The American, French, and British sections were combined to form West Berlin. As the Cold War began to dominate global politics, the Soviet Union tried to control the entire city of Berlin and closed off the city to trade with the Western world. The French, British, and particularly American authorities, under the leadership of General Marshall, airlifted supplies into the Western areas of the city to keep the population from starving and also to keep them from turning in desperation to Communism.
After the end of World War Two, the city of Berlin was divided into four zones of control: American, British, French, and Russian; however, the city itself was located in East Germany and thus under direct control of the Soviet Union. The American, French, and British sections were combined to form West Berlin. As the Cold War began to dominate global politics, the Soviet Union tried to control the entire city of Berlin and closed off the city to trade with the Western world. The French, British, and particularly American authorities, under the leadership of General Marshall, airlifted supplies into the Western areas of the city to keep the population from starving and also to keep them from turning in desperation to Communism.
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Which of these countries was NOT considered part of the Eastern Bloc of Soviet European countries?
Which of these countries was NOT considered part of the Eastern Bloc of Soviet European countries?
The Eastern Bloc was established in the years immediately following World War Two when most of Europe was being divided between Western (American-influenced) Capitalism and Eastern (Soviet-influenced) Communism. Poland, East Germany, Romania, and Czechoslovakia were all incorporated into the Eastern Bloc under the Warsaw Pact. Finland and Switzerland were the only countries to remain neutral—neither Western- nor Eastern-aligned.
The Eastern Bloc was established in the years immediately following World War Two when most of Europe was being divided between Western (American-influenced) Capitalism and Eastern (Soviet-influenced) Communism. Poland, East Germany, Romania, and Czechoslovakia were all incorporated into the Eastern Bloc under the Warsaw Pact. Finland and Switzerland were the only countries to remain neutral—neither Western- nor Eastern-aligned.
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The Warsaw Pact .
The Warsaw Pact .
The Warsaw Pact was an agreement signed in 1955 between the various Eastern European and Soviet-bloc countries of the Cold War. It aimed to provide for mutual cooperation and defense and was essentially created as a foil to the American- and British-lead NATO Pact, which West Germany had joined the year before.
The Warsaw Pact was an agreement signed in 1955 between the various Eastern European and Soviet-bloc countries of the Cold War. It aimed to provide for mutual cooperation and defense and was essentially created as a foil to the American- and British-lead NATO Pact, which West Germany had joined the year before.
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Who was the Communist ruler of Yugoslavia during the Cold War in Europe?
Who was the Communist ruler of Yugoslavia during the Cold War in Europe?
Yugoslavia is a somewhat unique case in the history of the Cold War in Europe. Although essentially a Communist nation, the government of Yugoslavia, led by Marshal Tito, sought to distance itself from Soviet hegemony. Tito was an ardent Yugoslavian nationalist.
Yugoslavia is a somewhat unique case in the history of the Cold War in Europe. Although essentially a Communist nation, the government of Yugoslavia, led by Marshal Tito, sought to distance itself from Soviet hegemony. Tito was an ardent Yugoslavian nationalist.
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Which of the following were the first two European countries to be provided aid by the Truman Doctrine?
Which of the following were the first two European countries to be provided aid by the Truman Doctrine?
The Truman Doctrine was the primary foreign policy of President Harry Truman in the years immediately after World War Two. The Truman Doctrine stated that the United States would provide economic and military aid to those countries facing a communist uprising to stop the spread of socialism and Soviet hegemony. The first two countries to be given American aid under the Truman Doctrine were Greece and Turkey, in 1947. Both countries were facing threats of Soviet hegemony and communist uprisings, so they were given financial and military support by the United States.
The Truman Doctrine was the primary foreign policy of President Harry Truman in the years immediately after World War Two. The Truman Doctrine stated that the United States would provide economic and military aid to those countries facing a communist uprising to stop the spread of socialism and Soviet hegemony. The first two countries to be given American aid under the Truman Doctrine were Greece and Turkey, in 1947. Both countries were facing threats of Soviet hegemony and communist uprisings, so they were given financial and military support by the United States.
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Which of these countries was non-aligned during the Cold War?
Which of these countries was non-aligned during the Cold War?
During the Cold War in Europe, the vast majority of countries fell into one of two groups. Western Europe was primarily capitalist and allied, through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), with the United States. NATO included France, Austria, Greece, Great Britain, West Germany, and several other countries. Communist Eastern Europe primarily fell under the influence of the Soviet Union, and was allied under the Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact included Poland, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, and several other countries. Yugoslavia, itself a Communist nation, resisted the Soviet hegemony and, along with India, Egypt, and Indonesia, formed the non-alignment bloc of independent nations.
During the Cold War in Europe, the vast majority of countries fell into one of two groups. Western Europe was primarily capitalist and allied, through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), with the United States. NATO included France, Austria, Greece, Great Britain, West Germany, and several other countries. Communist Eastern Europe primarily fell under the influence of the Soviet Union, and was allied under the Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact included Poland, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, and several other countries. Yugoslavia, itself a Communist nation, resisted the Soviet hegemony and, along with India, Egypt, and Indonesia, formed the non-alignment bloc of independent nations.
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Which four nations were present at the Geneva Summit of 1955?
Which four nations were present at the Geneva Summit of 1955?
The Geneva Convention was organized in 1955 with the stated aim of reducing global tension and beginning the process towards world peace. It failed in this mission, but it represented the first of many attempts during the Cold War to try and find an entente between the East and the West. It was attended by the political leaders of the United States, France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union.
The Geneva Convention was organized in 1955 with the stated aim of reducing global tension and beginning the process towards world peace. It failed in this mission, but it represented the first of many attempts during the Cold War to try and find an entente between the East and the West. It was attended by the political leaders of the United States, France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union.
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In 1989, The Velvet Revolution was a non-violent transition from socialism to democracy in which European country?
In 1989, The Velvet Revolution was a non-violent transition from socialism to democracy in which European country?
The Velvet Revolution can be seen as part of the wider trend of European history, in 1989 and 1990, when the communist regimes all over Europe and in the Soviet Union were crumbling and being replaced by capitalism and democracy. The Velvet Revolution took place in Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia and the Czech Republic) in the winter of 1989. It was an almost entirely non-violent revolution, inspired by student protests that led to a very swift resignation of the communist government.
The Velvet Revolution can be seen as part of the wider trend of European history, in 1989 and 1990, when the communist regimes all over Europe and in the Soviet Union were crumbling and being replaced by capitalism and democracy. The Velvet Revolution took place in Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia and the Czech Republic) in the winter of 1989. It was an almost entirely non-violent revolution, inspired by student protests that led to a very swift resignation of the communist government.
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Which of these Cold War-era European institutions is generally understood as the precursor to the European Union?
Which of these Cold War-era European institutions is generally understood as the precursor to the European Union?
The European Coal and Steel Community is generally considered as the initial step in the integration of European markets and politics under one umbrella organization, now called the European Union. It was initially proposed by the French government in 1950 as a means to prevent any future war in Europe between France and Germany. The aim was to make it so war was not just improbable, but rather "materially impossible" by integrating the economies of France and Germany so much that they were dependent on each other. By 1951, the ECSC was ratified by six countries: France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Luxembourg.
The European Coal and Steel Community is generally considered as the initial step in the integration of European markets and politics under one umbrella organization, now called the European Union. It was initially proposed by the French government in 1950 as a means to prevent any future war in Europe between France and Germany. The aim was to make it so war was not just improbable, but rather "materially impossible" by integrating the economies of France and Germany so much that they were dependent on each other. By 1951, the ECSC was ratified by six countries: France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Luxembourg.
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Which French political leader emerged from retirement to help abate the crisis brought about by the demise of the French Fourth Republic in 1958?
Which French political leader emerged from retirement to help abate the crisis brought about by the demise of the French Fourth Republic in 1958?
The French Fourth Republic was formed in the aftermath of World War Two, but immediately ran into the same problems of the French Third Republic: an Executive Branch that was too weak, with too many diverse political parties. The government was unable to rule effectively, and the Fourth Republic crumbled after just a decade. The wartime hero, Charles de Gaulle, was called back to office to preside over the transition to the French Fifth Republic, which has continued to this day.
The French Fourth Republic was formed in the aftermath of World War Two, but immediately ran into the same problems of the French Third Republic: an Executive Branch that was too weak, with too many diverse political parties. The government was unable to rule effectively, and the Fourth Republic crumbled after just a decade. The wartime hero, Charles de Gaulle, was called back to office to preside over the transition to the French Fifth Republic, which has continued to this day.
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What was the primary outcome of the Helsinki Accords in 1975?
What was the primary outcome of the Helsinki Accords in 1975?
The Helsinki Accords were signed in 1975, by the United States and most of the European countries, to recognize the territorial gains made by the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe in the immediate aftermath of World War Two. It was seen, at the time, as a major diplomatic victory for the Soviet Union and a lessening of the tensions between the East and the West during the Cold War.
The Helsinki Accords were signed in 1975, by the United States and most of the European countries, to recognize the territorial gains made by the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe in the immediate aftermath of World War Two. It was seen, at the time, as a major diplomatic victory for the Soviet Union and a lessening of the tensions between the East and the West during the Cold War.
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The Algerian Crisis led to the demise of .
The Algerian Crisis led to the demise of .
The Algerian Crisis occurred in 1958 when a group of French generals and Algerian politicians staged a coup in Algeria in an attempt to create an independent Algerian nation free of French control. It led directly to the demise of the already weakening French Fourth Republic and precipitated the rise of the French Fifth Republic.
The Algerian Crisis occurred in 1958 when a group of French generals and Algerian politicians staged a coup in Algeria in an attempt to create an independent Algerian nation free of French control. It led directly to the demise of the already weakening French Fourth Republic and precipitated the rise of the French Fifth Republic.
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