Technology of the Industrial Age Practice Test

The elimination of long-distance trade networks, which forced producers to rely only on local raw cotton supplies and nearby consumers

The replacement of factory labor with household cottage industry, which decentralized spinning and weaving to reduce urban crowding and disease

The growth of serf-based agriculture, which redirected rural labor into textile workshops and reduced the need for mechanized production methods

The widespread adoption of guild regulations that standardized apprenticeship training and limited competition among textile producers in major cities

The diffusion of fossil-fuel energy systems, especially coal-powered steam engines, which provided reliable mechanical power independent of rivers or wind