Identify Premises and Evidence Practice Test

A company's sustainability memo recommends switching the office from disposable cups to reusable mugs. The memo reports that the company purchased 120,000 disposable cups last year and that waste-hauling fees rose by 8% over the same period. It also notes that a pilot program on one floor, where employees were given mugs, reduced cup orders on that floor by more than half. The memo concludes that providing reusable mugs companywide will reduce waste costs.

The author relies on which of the following as a premise?

A city parks department argues that it should plant more street trees in a neighborhood with frequent summer heat advisories. The department cites temperature measurements showing that blocks with mature tree canopy are, on average, 3°F cooler than nearby blocks with little canopy. It also notes that emergency-room visits for heat-related illness are concentrated in the least-shaded parts of the neighborhood. The department concludes that increasing tree canopy will reduce heat-related health risks there.

The argument treats which of the following as evidence?