Newton’s Laws and Free-Body Diagrams (4A) Practice Test

A $1.0,\text{kg}$ cart is attached to a hanging $0.50,\text{kg}$ mass by a light string over a frictionless pulley. The cart is on a frictionless horizontal table. Forces on the cart are tension $T$ horizontally, $mg$ downward, and $N$ upward. Forces on the hanging mass are $mg$ downward and tension $T$ upward. The system accelerates. Based on Newton’s Laws, which statement is most consistent?

Neglect string mass and pulley friction.

A $1.5,\text{kg}$ mass hangs at rest from a vertical spring scale. Forces on the mass are weight $mg$ downward and tension $T$ upward. The system is in static equilibrium. Based on Newton’s Laws, which statement is most consistent?

Assume the scale is massless and stationary.