Chromatography Techniques (5C) Practice Test

A researcher compares two packed columns for the same normal-phase separation (silica stationary phase; same solvent and flow rate). Column 1 is 10 cm long; Column 2 is 30 cm long, with identical inner diameter and particle size. Which statement best describes the expected separation efficiency outcome?

A mixture is separated by gas chromatography (GC) using an inert carrier gas and a nonpolar stationary phase. Two components have similar polarity but different boiling points: Compound S (bp 80°C) and Compound T (bp 140°C). The oven temperature is held constant at 100°C. Which component is expected to elute first, assuming both are stable and volatile enough for GC?