Memory Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval (6B) Practice Test

A researcher compares memory for a list of 30 words under two encoding instructions. In the shallow condition, participants judge whether each word is printed in uppercase. In the deep condition, participants judge whether each word fits into a meaningful sentence. After a 10-minute distractor task, all participants complete free recall.

Which conclusion is most consistent with the levels-of-processing account of encoding and later retrieval?

A cognitive psychologist studies retrieval-induced forgetting. Participants study category–exemplar pairs (FRUIT–orange, FRUIT–banana, DRINK–tea, DRINK–coffee). During practice, they repeatedly retrieve only some exemplars from some categories (e.g., FRUIT–or___ for orange), but not others (e.g., FRUIT–ba___ for banana). On a final test, participants recall all studied exemplars.

Based on the scenario, which outcome would be expected given retrieval-induced forgetting?