Matter And Energy Flow Practice Test

A simplified model of the carbon cycle in a forest is shown using two arrow styles:

• Solid arrows (matter movement): CO$_2$ in air → plant (photosynthesis) → animal (eats plant) → CO$_2$ in air (respiration/decomposition).
• Dashed arrows (energy flow): Sunlight → plant (captured in food). The model states: “Carbon atoms (matter) cycle; energy flows through and is not recycled in the same loop.”

Which set of 2 statements is supported by the model?

A model of a desert day-night temperature cycle includes:

• Solid arrows (matter movement): CO$_2$ and water vapor in air ⇄ air near ground (gases mix and move with winds).
• Dashed arrows (energy flow): Sunlight → ground (day); ground → air (heat transfer); ground → space (nighttime energy leaving). The model notes: “Gases (matter) can move around and be conserved; energy flows in and out and does not cycle back in the same way.”

Which statement is supported by the model?