Predict State Changes - Middle School Physical Science
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What change of state occurs when a liquid gains thermal energy and becomes a gas?
What change of state occurs when a liquid gains thermal energy and becomes a gas?
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Vaporization (evaporation/boiling). Added energy allows particles to overcome intermolecular forces.
Vaporization (evaporation/boiling). Added energy allows particles to overcome intermolecular forces.
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What change of state occurs when a solid gains thermal energy and becomes a liquid?
What change of state occurs when a solid gains thermal energy and becomes a liquid?
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Melting. Thermal energy breaks bonds between particles in the solid structure.
Melting. Thermal energy breaks bonds between particles in the solid structure.
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What change of state occurs when a solid gains thermal energy and becomes a gas directly?
What change of state occurs when a solid gains thermal energy and becomes a gas directly?
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Sublimation. High energy input breaks all bonds, skipping the liquid phase.
Sublimation. High energy input breaks all bonds, skipping the liquid phase.
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What change of state occurs when a gas loses thermal energy and becomes a solid directly?
What change of state occurs when a gas loses thermal energy and becomes a solid directly?
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Deposition. Gas particles lose energy and form solid bonds without becoming liquid.
Deposition. Gas particles lose energy and form solid bonds without becoming liquid.
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Which direction of thermal energy change causes melting, vaporization, or sublimation?
Which direction of thermal energy change causes melting, vaporization, or sublimation?
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Thermal energy increases (heat absorbed). Energy breaks bonds between particles in ordered states.
Thermal energy increases (heat absorbed). Energy breaks bonds between particles in ordered states.
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Which direction of thermal energy change causes freezing, condensation, or deposition?
Which direction of thermal energy change causes freezing, condensation, or deposition?
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Thermal energy decreases (heat released). Energy loss allows particles to form stronger bonds.
Thermal energy decreases (heat released). Energy loss allows particles to form stronger bonds.
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What happens to temperature during a phase change while thermal energy is still added or removed?
What happens to temperature during a phase change while thermal energy is still added or removed?
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Temperature stays constant. Energy goes into breaking/forming bonds, not increasing kinetic energy.
Temperature stays constant. Energy goes into breaking/forming bonds, not increasing kinetic energy.
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What is the name of the energy used to change state without changing temperature?
What is the name of the energy used to change state without changing temperature?
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Latent heat. Energy absorbed or released during phase transitions.
Latent heat. Energy absorbed or released during phase transitions.
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Which state of matter generally has the lowest particle kinetic energy: solid, liquid, or gas?
Which state of matter generally has the lowest particle kinetic energy: solid, liquid, or gas?
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Solid. Particles vibrate in fixed positions with minimal kinetic energy.
Solid. Particles vibrate in fixed positions with minimal kinetic energy.
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Which state of matter generally has the highest particle kinetic energy: solid, liquid, or gas?
Which state of matter generally has the highest particle kinetic energy: solid, liquid, or gas?
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Gas. Particles move freely with maximum kinetic energy.
Gas. Particles move freely with maximum kinetic energy.
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Identify the state change: a puddle disappears slowly at room temperature without boiling.
Identify the state change: a puddle disappears slowly at room temperature without boiling.
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Evaporation (liquid to gas). Surface molecules gain enough energy to escape as gas.
Evaporation (liquid to gas). Surface molecules gain enough energy to escape as gas.
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Identify the state change: water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass.
Identify the state change: water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass.
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Condensation (gas to liquid). Water vapor loses energy to cold glass and forms liquid.
Condensation (gas to liquid). Water vapor loses energy to cold glass and forms liquid.
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Identify the state change: frost forms on a window when the air is cold and humid.
Identify the state change: frost forms on a window when the air is cold and humid.
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Deposition (gas to solid). Water vapor loses energy and forms ice crystals directly.
Deposition (gas to solid). Water vapor loses energy and forms ice crystals directly.
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Identify the state change: dry ice changes directly into carbon dioxide gas.
Identify the state change: dry ice changes directly into carbon dioxide gas.
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Sublimation (solid to gas). Solid CO₂ gains energy to become gas without melting.
Sublimation (solid to gas). Solid CO₂ gains energy to become gas without melting.
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Which state change is predicted when thermal energy is removed from liquid water at $0,^{\circ}\text{C}$?
Which state change is predicted when thermal energy is removed from liquid water at $0,^{\circ}\text{C}$?
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Freezing. At melting point, removed energy causes liquid to solidify.
Freezing. At melting point, removed energy causes liquid to solidify.
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Which state change is predicted when thermal energy is added to ice at $0,^{\circ}\text{C}$?
Which state change is predicted when thermal energy is added to ice at $0,^{\circ}\text{C}$?
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Melting. At melting point, added energy causes solid to liquefy.
Melting. At melting point, added energy causes solid to liquefy.
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Choose the correct prediction: adding thermal energy to a gas most directly causes which change?
Choose the correct prediction: adding thermal energy to a gas most directly causes which change?
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No phase change; gas temperature increases. Gases already have broken bonds, so energy increases particle motion.
No phase change; gas temperature increases. Gases already have broken bonds, so energy increases particle motion.
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What change of state occurs when a gas loses thermal energy and becomes a liquid?
What change of state occurs when a gas loses thermal energy and becomes a liquid?
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Condensation. Particles lose energy and intermolecular forces pull them together.
Condensation. Particles lose energy and intermolecular forces pull them together.
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What change of state occurs when a liquid loses thermal energy and becomes a solid?
What change of state occurs when a liquid loses thermal energy and becomes a solid?
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Freezing. Particles slow down and form ordered arrangements as energy is removed.
Freezing. Particles slow down and form ordered arrangements as energy is removed.
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What happens to particle spacing when a substance changes from solid to liquid?
What happens to particle spacing when a substance changes from solid to liquid?
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Particles spread farther apart. Melting weakens bonds, letting particles move more freely.
Particles spread farther apart. Melting weakens bonds, letting particles move more freely.
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What phase change occurs when a gas loses thermal energy and becomes a solid directly?
What phase change occurs when a gas loses thermal energy and becomes a solid directly?
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Deposition. Gas particles lose energy and form solid without liquid phase.
Deposition. Gas particles lose energy and form solid without liquid phase.
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What happens to average particle kinetic energy during a phase change at constant temperature?
What happens to average particle kinetic energy during a phase change at constant temperature?
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It stays constant. Energy goes into breaking bonds, not increasing particle motion.
It stays constant. Energy goes into breaking bonds, not increasing particle motion.
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What happens to particle spacing when a substance changes from gas to liquid?
What happens to particle spacing when a substance changes from gas to liquid?
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Particles move closer together. Gas particles condense as attractions pull them together.
Particles move closer together. Gas particles condense as attractions pull them together.
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Identify the state change: a substance absorbs thermal energy and changes from liquid to gas.
Identify the state change: a substance absorbs thermal energy and changes from liquid to gas.
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Vaporization. Absorbing energy to go from liquid to gas is vaporization.
Vaporization. Absorbing energy to go from liquid to gas is vaporization.
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Identify the state change: a substance releases thermal energy and changes from gas to liquid.
Identify the state change: a substance releases thermal energy and changes from gas to liquid.
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Condensation. Releasing energy to go from gas to liquid is condensation.
Condensation. Releasing energy to go from gas to liquid is condensation.
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