Adverse Reactions - NAPLEX
Card 1 of 25
What defines a Type A (augmented) adverse drug reaction?
What defines a Type A (augmented) adverse drug reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
Dose-related, predictable, related to pharmacology. Type A reactions stem from exaggerated pharmacological effects, making them foreseeable and often preventable by dose adjustment.
Dose-related, predictable, related to pharmacology. Type A reactions stem from exaggerated pharmacological effects, making them foreseeable and often preventable by dose adjustment.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which reaction type is most common: Type A or Type B?
Which reaction type is most common: Type A or Type B?
Tap to reveal answer
Type A. Type A reactions account for the majority of ADRs due to their basis in known pharmacological actions and dose dependency.
Type A. Type A reactions account for the majority of ADRs due to their basis in known pharmacological actions and dose dependency.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which reaction type is more likely to be serious and require drug avoidance: Type A or Type B?
Which reaction type is more likely to be serious and require drug avoidance: Type A or Type B?
Tap to reveal answer
Type B. Type B reactions, being idiosyncratic or allergic, often lead to severe outcomes necessitating complete drug avoidance in affected individuals.
Type B. Type B reactions, being idiosyncratic or allergic, often lead to severe outcomes necessitating complete drug avoidance in affected individuals.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which medication is first-line for anaphylaxis?
Which medication is first-line for anaphylaxis?
Tap to reveal answer
Intramuscular epinephrine. Epinephrine rapidly counteracts vasodilation and bronchoconstriction in anaphylaxis by stimulating alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
Intramuscular epinephrine. Epinephrine rapidly counteracts vasodilation and bronchoconstriction in anaphylaxis by stimulating alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the definition of an anaphylaxis reaction to a medication?
What is the definition of an anaphylaxis reaction to a medication?
Tap to reveal answer
Acute, life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylaxis involves rapid IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation, causing widespread histamine release and systemic symptoms.
Acute, life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylaxis involves rapid IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation, causing widespread histamine release and systemic symptoms.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the definition of an allergic drug reaction?
What is the definition of an allergic drug reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
Immune-mediated reaction requiring prior sensitization. Allergic reactions involve immune system activation after initial exposure, leading to hypersensitivity upon re-exposure.
Immune-mediated reaction requiring prior sensitization. Allergic reactions involve immune system activation after initial exposure, leading to hypersensitivity upon re-exposure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What term describes a harmful effect due to excessive dose or accumulation of a drug?
What term describes a harmful effect due to excessive dose or accumulation of a drug?
Tap to reveal answer
Toxicity. Toxicity results from supratherapeutic levels overwhelming normal physiological tolerances, often due to overdose or impaired clearance.
Toxicity. Toxicity results from supratherapeutic levels overwhelming normal physiological tolerances, often due to overdose or impaired clearance.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is an adverse effect caused by off-target pharmacology at therapeutic doses called?
What is an adverse effect caused by off-target pharmacology at therapeutic doses called?
Tap to reveal answer
Side effect. Side effects occur from unintended activation of non-primary targets at normal doses, differing from toxicities or hypersensitivities.
Side effect. Side effects occur from unintended activation of non-primary targets at normal doses, differing from toxicities or hypersensitivities.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which adverse reaction is most consistent with facial flushing and hypotension during vancomycin infusion?
Which adverse reaction is most consistent with facial flushing and hypotension during vancomycin infusion?
Tap to reveal answer
Vancomycin infusion reaction (red man syndrome). Rapid vancomycin infusion causes histamine release from mast cells, resulting in flushing, pruritus, and hemodynamic changes.
Vancomycin infusion reaction (red man syndrome). Rapid vancomycin infusion causes histamine release from mast cells, resulting in flushing, pruritus, and hemodynamic changes.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the syndrome: fever, rash, eosinophilia, and organ involvement weeks after drug exposure.
Identify the syndrome: fever, rash, eosinophilia, and organ involvement weeks after drug exposure.
Tap to reveal answer
DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms). DRESS is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction involving T-cell activation, leading to multi-organ inflammation after prolonged drug exposure.
DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms). DRESS is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction involving T-cell activation, leading to multi-organ inflammation after prolonged drug exposure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which term describes dose-dependent hearing loss and nephrotoxicity from aminoglycosides?
Which term describes dose-dependent hearing loss and nephrotoxicity from aminoglycosides?
Tap to reveal answer
Type A adverse drug reaction. Aminoglycoside toxicities are extensions of their antibacterial mechanism, accumulating in ears and kidneys with higher doses.
Type A adverse drug reaction. Aminoglycoside toxicities are extensions of their antibacterial mechanism, accumulating in ears and kidneys with higher doses.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is a black box warning intended to communicate about an adverse reaction?
What is a black box warning intended to communicate about an adverse reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
Risk of serious or life-threatening adverse effects. Black box warnings highlight critical risks identified in post-marketing surveillance or clinical trials to alert prescribers and patients.
Risk of serious or life-threatening adverse effects. Black box warnings highlight critical risks identified in post-marketing surveillance or clinical trials to alert prescribers and patients.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the term for worsening symptoms after abrupt discontinuation of a drug (return beyond baseline)?
What is the term for worsening symptoms after abrupt discontinuation of a drug (return beyond baseline)?
Tap to reveal answer
Rebound phenomenon. Rebound involves hyperactivation of suppressed pathways after drug removal, causing symptoms to exceed pre-treatment levels.
Rebound phenomenon. Rebound involves hyperactivation of suppressed pathways after drug removal, causing symptoms to exceed pre-treatment levels.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the most likely culprit if a patient develops C. difficile diarrhea after antibiotics.
Identify the most likely culprit if a patient develops C. difficile diarrhea after antibiotics.
Tap to reveal answer
Clindamycin. Clindamycin potently disrupts gut flora, promoting C. difficile overgrowth and toxin production leading to pseudomembranous colitis.
Clindamycin. Clindamycin potently disrupts gut flora, promoting C. difficile overgrowth and toxin production leading to pseudomembranous colitis.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the term for a reaction that occurs after stopping a drug due to physiologic adaptation?
What is the term for a reaction that occurs after stopping a drug due to physiologic adaptation?
Tap to reveal answer
Withdrawal reaction. Withdrawal occurs when the body adapts to chronic drug presence, leading to symptoms upon cessation due to disrupted homeostasis.
Withdrawal reaction. Withdrawal occurs when the body adapts to chronic drug presence, leading to symptoms upon cessation due to disrupted homeostasis.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the definition of an idiosyncratic drug reaction?
What is the definition of an idiosyncratic drug reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
Unpredictable, non–dose-related reaction due to host factors. Idiosyncratic reactions depend on genetic or unique patient factors, making them unpredictable and not linked to drug dose or pharmacology.
Unpredictable, non–dose-related reaction due to host factors. Idiosyncratic reactions depend on genetic or unique patient factors, making them unpredictable and not linked to drug dose or pharmacology.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the key distinction between an adverse event and an ADR?
What is the key distinction between an adverse event and an ADR?
Tap to reveal answer
ADR implies causal relationship; adverse event does not. ADRs require evidence of causality between the drug and the reaction, whereas adverse events are any unfavorable occurrences without proven drug linkage.
ADR implies causal relationship; adverse event does not. ADRs require evidence of causality between the drug and the reaction, whereas adverse events are any unfavorable occurrences without proven drug linkage.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What defines a Type B (bizarre) adverse drug reaction?
What defines a Type B (bizarre) adverse drug reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
Not dose-related, unpredictable, often immune-mediated. Type B reactions arise from individual hypersensitivity or immunological responses, rendering them hard to predict and unrelated to dose.
Not dose-related, unpredictable, often immune-mediated. Type B reactions arise from individual hypersensitivity or immunological responses, rendering them hard to predict and unrelated to dose.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the definition of an adverse drug reaction (ADR) per WHO?
What is the definition of an adverse drug reaction (ADR) per WHO?
Tap to reveal answer
Noxious, unintended response at doses normally used in humans. The WHO definition emphasizes harmful, unintended effects occurring at standard therapeutic doses, distinguishing ADRs from other drug-related issues.
Noxious, unintended response at doses normally used in humans. The WHO definition emphasizes harmful, unintended effects occurring at standard therapeutic doses, distinguishing ADRs from other drug-related issues.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which drug adverse reaction is suggested by cough developing after starting lisinopril?
Which drug adverse reaction is suggested by cough developing after starting lisinopril?
Tap to reveal answer
ACE inhibitor–associated cough. Lisinopril inhibits ACE, elevating bradykinin which irritates airways and induces non-productive cough in susceptible patients.
ACE inhibitor–associated cough. Lisinopril inhibits ACE, elevating bradykinin which irritates airways and induces non-productive cough in susceptible patients.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which adverse reaction is characteristic of succinylcholine in susceptible patients during anesthesia?
Which adverse reaction is characteristic of succinylcholine in susceptible patients during anesthesia?
Tap to reveal answer
Malignant hyperthermia. Succinylcholine triggers uncontrolled calcium release in genetically susceptible muscle cells, leading to hypermetabolism and hyperthermia.
Malignant hyperthermia. Succinylcholine triggers uncontrolled calcium release in genetically susceptible muscle cells, leading to hypermetabolism and hyperthermia.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which opioid adverse reaction is mediated by histamine release rather than IgE allergy?
Which opioid adverse reaction is mediated by histamine release rather than IgE allergy?
Tap to reveal answer
Pruritus (pseudoallergy). Opioids directly stimulate mast cell histamine release, causing itch without involving adaptive immune responses or IgE.
Pruritus (pseudoallergy). Opioids directly stimulate mast cell histamine release, causing itch without involving adaptive immune responses or IgE.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which medication class is most associated with angioedema as an adverse reaction?
Which medication class is most associated with angioedema as an adverse reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors increase bradykinin levels by inhibiting its degradation, triggering vascular permeability and angioedema.
ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors increase bradykinin levels by inhibiting its degradation, triggering vascular permeability and angioedema.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which class is most associated with tendinopathy and tendon rupture as an adverse reaction?
Which class is most associated with tendinopathy and tendon rupture as an adverse reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
Fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolones disrupt tendon matrix integrity via metalloproteinase upregulation, increasing rupture risk especially in vulnerable populations.
Fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolones disrupt tendon matrix integrity via metalloproteinase upregulation, increasing rupture risk especially in vulnerable populations.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the severe cutaneous reaction with mucosal erosions and epidermal detachment.
Identify the severe cutaneous reaction with mucosal erosions and epidermal detachment.
Tap to reveal answer
Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. SJS/TEN results from cytotoxic T-cell responses causing keratinocyte apoptosis and widespread skin and mucosal detachment.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. SJS/TEN results from cytotoxic T-cell responses causing keratinocyte apoptosis and widespread skin and mucosal detachment.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →