Analogies - SSAT Upper Level Verbal

“Tote” is a word that when used as a verb means carry something heavy, while “lug” is a verb that also means carry something heavy; so, that means that “tote” and “lug” are synonyms, and that we need to pick out an answer choice which also consists of a pair of synonyms. While “despondency is to determination” and “nag is to pester” might each look like a potentially correct answer, “despondency” is a noun that means a lack of optimism and courage, while “determination” is a noun that means resoluteness, so the two words are antonyms and “despondency is to determination” cannot be the correct answer. (Also, the two words are nouns, while the example consists of two verbs.) “Nag,” however, when used as a verb, means annoy someone by constantly asking about something, while “pester” means annoy someone by interrupting them often. So, “nag” is a synonym of “pester” just as “tote” is a synonym of “lug,” making “nag is to pester” the correct answer.

Weather, as used here, means to endure or survive. A bad situation is something that you are likely to need to endure so to solve this analogy you have to identify which of the answer choices would be an appropriate response to a good situation. This should lead you to “revel” which means to enjoy the moment. For clarification, "provoke" means to illicit a reaction; "castigate" means to condemn; "implore" means urge; "degrade" means to make worse or dirty.

“Affix” is a verb that means fasten to something, while “post” is a word that can be used as a noun meaning a stable pole in the ground or a verb that means display a notice. So, the example either consists of a pair of synonyms, if “post” is being used as a verb, or a verb and a noun to which one might do that verb (one could affix something to a post). To pick between these interpretations, we will need to consider the potential answer choices. None of the potential answer choices fit the model of “a verb and a noun to which one might do that verb,” so we will need to consider the example to consist of a pair of synonyms, and pick out a pair of synonyms as the correct answer. While “explanation is to demand” and “verify is to substantiate” might each look like a potentially correct answer, “explanation” is not a verb, but a noun, so “explanation is to demand” cannot be the correct answer. “Verify,” however, is a verb that means make sure something is true, while “substantiate” is a verb that means provide evidence in favor of something, so the two words are synonyms, just as “affix” and “post” are synonyms, so “verify is to substantiate” is the correct answer.

Although "hammer" can mean several things, as it can be used as a noun or as a verb, in this case, we know that it is a noun because it is being compared to "tome," which means a scholarly book. A hammer is a tool used by a carpenter, so we need to pick out an answer choice that describes an occupation in which someone would use a tome. A tome is a tool used by a scholar, just as a hammer is a tool used by a carpenter, so "scholar" is the correct answer.

The Greek and Latin prefix anti- can mean either opposite, against as in "antisocial" which means not social. Or, anti- can mean old, ancient. In "antiquated" it is used in the latter sense, "antiquated" means very old, outdated, ancient. Something from the past could be described as "antiquated," so which of these is a word that could describe something from the present? The correct answer is "current" which means contemporary, in the present. Additionally, "youthful" means young; "mundane" means ordinary, boring; "severe" means intense, harsh; "obdurate" means stubborn, intractable.

The Greek prefix astr- means stars, sun and the Greek root -nom- means arrangement, order, study. So, "astronomy" is literally the arrangement of the stars or the study of outer space. Furthermore, the Greek prefix geo- means Earth, of the Earth and the suffix -ology means study of. So, "geology" is literally the study of the Earth or the study of rocks and rock formations.

"Cytology" is the study of cells, so to solve this analogy you need to determine what "nomology" is the study of. To solve this problem it helps to consider the meaning of the Greek prefix nom- which means law, order. So, "nomology" is the study of law.

To solve this problem you need to rely on your knowledge of Greek prefixes. To begin with "meteorology" is the study of weather, the atmosphere, and weather patterns. So, to solve this analogy you need to determine what "anthropology" is the study of. The Greek prefix anthrop- means human, so "anthropology" is the study of mankind, the study of humans.

"Xenophobia" is an irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries. The correct answer will demonstrate a relationship between a fear and the object of that fear. "Arachno" derives from the Greek root meaning spider, and "arachnophobia" is the fear of spiders.

To begin with the suffix -phobia means fear of. "Claustrophobia" is the fear of being "trapped," the fear of tight spaces. So, to solve this analogy you need to determine what someone who suffers from "acrophobia" is afraid of. The key here is the prefix acro- (as in "acropolis"), it means height, high. So, "acrophobia" is the fear of "heights" or high places.

Anhydrous means without water ("an" = without, "hydro" = water), and analgesic means without pain ("an" = without, "algesia" = pain).

"Ante-" and "pre-" both mean "before;" both words refer to things that come before other things. "Post" means "after" and "script" refers to writing, so a postscript is an afterword.

"Uni-" and "mono-" are both prefixes that mean "one" or "single." A unilateral decision is made by only one side of a dispute; a monorail is a train that runs on a single track.

"Bi-" and "duo-" are prefixes that both mean "two." A bicameral government is one with two branches, and a duet is a musical performance by two singers.

The adjective bovine is used to describe characteristics displayed by or attributed to cows. To solve this analogy you have to identify the adjective used to describe characteristics displayed by or attributed to dogs. This leads to the correct answer which is canine. Cow is to bovine as dog is to canine as cat is to feline, etc.

Theology is the study of religion so to solve this analogy you need to determine what genealogy is the study of. The prefix gene- should provide a clue that it likely describes the study of families or family history. The correct answer is therefore families.

A cartographer is someone who makes maps, so in order to solve this analogy, you have to determine which of the items is produced by a vintner. The prefix "vin_-_" might clue you in that the answer choice has to be wine (from the Latin for wine, vino).

Unity means the state or condition of being one or as one so to solve this analogy you have to identify which answer choice means the state or condition of being three parts working together. The prefix tri- usually describes something to do with the number three, such as triangle or tripod. From the suffix -ity in unity you might well have guessed at the correct answer which is “trinity.”

Someone who is a misogynist hates women, so to solve this analogy you have to determine what it is that a Luddite dislikes. The Luddites were a nineteenth-century organization in Britain, dedicated to fighting the introduction of life changing technology during the Industrial Revolution; as such, the word has come to be used to describe all disdain for “technology” in the contemporary era. The prefix mis- is often used to describe the dislike of something.

An octogenarian is somebody in his or her eighties, so to solve this analogy you have to determine what name is given to somebody in his or her seventies. The prefix sept- is commonly used to refer to the number seven or things composed of seven parts; therefore the correct answer is “septuagenarian.” For clarification, a nonagenarian is somebody in his or her nineties, and pentagenarian is not a word.