Forces Between Molecules

Intermolecular forces (IMFs) are weak attractions between molecules that affect physical properties like boiling and melting points, solubility, and evaporation.

Types of Intermolecular Forces

• London Dispersion Forces: Weakest; present in all molecules.
• Dipole-Dipole Interactions: Between polar molecules.
• Hydrogen Bonding: Strong type of dipole interaction, occurs when H is bonded to N, O, or F.

Impact on Properties

Stronger IMFs mean higher boiling/melting points. Water's high boiling point is due to hydrogen bonding!

Everyday Connections

• Water beads up on a car because of hydrogen bonding.
• Butter is solid at room temperature due to weak London forces between its molecules.