Overall, basic skills of problem solving go a long way in mastering a set of knowledge or skills. Breaking problems down to understandable fundamental components allows one to "see the forest from above," allowing them to better follow the necessary steps to solve the final problem. The other part of learning is repetition, with slight change in each problem. Repetitively applying the fundamental skills to solve slightly different problems builds confidence and finally ultimate understanding. How do you help students who are struggling with reading comprehension? I would read a passage with the student, and then treat it almost like a book club. I'd ask them what they think about the passage, about the topic, if they have any experience with the topic. I'd relate any history that is relevant to the topic, to give it depth and context. If I have any personal experience with the topic, I'd relate that too. The more directions one approaches a subject from, the better they will understand the passage.