All GRE Subject Test: Chemistry Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #17 : Acid Base Chemistry
Which of the following pH values is an acceptable equivalence point for a weak base being titrated by a strong acid?
The equivalence point is the point during a titration when there are equal equivalents of acid and base in the solution. Since a strong acid will have more effect on the pH than the same amount of a weak base, we predict that the solution's pH will be acidic at the equivalence point. 5.2 and 1.3 are both acidic, but 1.3 is remarkably acidic considering that there is an equal amount of base in the solution. As a result, 5.2 is a more appropriate answer.
The equivalence point for a strong acid and strong base will be 7.0. When one of the compounds is weak, however, it will dissociate less than its strong counterpart. In our case, the base will dissociate less than the acid. The acid, thus, contributes more to the pH character of the solution.
Example Question #1 : Titrations
A weak acid is slowly titrated with a strong base. Where on the titration curve would the solution be the most well-buffered?
The half equivalence point
When no base has been added
The equivalence point
When the amount of base added equals the amount of acid in the solution.
The half equivalence point
At the half equivalence point, the concentration of acid in the solution is equal to the concentration of the conjugate base in solution. At this point, the graph shows a line that is near horizontal. This means that base or acid could be added and the pH of the solution would change very slowly.
Remember that pH is on the y-axis of the titration curve; thus a near-horizontal line will signify a region where pH is most stable. At the half equivalence point, pH = pKa.
Example Question #2 : Titrations
Which of the following curves represents the titration of a strong base by a strong acid?
Since we are adding acid to a base, the pH must decrease. The initial base will have a high pH, while the final acid will have a low pH; the right of the curve must be lower than the left. In addition, the pH does not change very rapidly until the equivalence point is reached, hence the curve must show little initial change followed by a rapid change.
Example Question #1 : Titrations
Which of the following is an indication of when a reaction has reached the equivalence point.
When there is a color change
The end point of a titration
When the volume of both reactants are equal
Moles of titrant equals moles of analyte
Moles of titrant equals moles of analyte
The equivalence point is the point in a titration at which the number of moles of titrant equals the number of moles of analyte. The endpoint in a titration is when the color of the reaction changes to that of the desired (often neutral) pH. However this is not the same as the equivalence point, which is a stoichiometric value. Indicators may change colors several times throughout a neutralization reaction, thus this is not an accurate attribute of the reaction to use as the equivalence point. Furthermore, the concentrations of titrant and the analyte are rarely equivalent, and there could be differing numbers of ionizable groups on each species.
Example Question #1 : Titrations
Considering the given chemical reaction, determine the number of moles of in a 20mL solution if it takes 19.00mL of a 0.0500M
solution to reach the endpoint of a titration.
and
react in a 1:1 mole ratio. Therefore the number of moles of
at the end point of the reaction equals to the number of moles of
. We can use the concentration as a conversion factor to determine the number of moles reacted.
Example Question #1 : Titrations
Considering the given chemical reaction, determine the concentration of in a 40.00mL solution if it takes 25.00mL of a 0.0350M
solution to reach the endpoint of a titration.
and
react in a 1:1 mole ratio. Therefore the number of moles of
at the end point of the reaction equals to the number of moles of
.
Example Question #103 : General Chemistry
Considering the given neutralization reaction, what is the concentration of the sodium chloride solution if it takes 20.00mL of 0.045M to neutralize 20mL of the
solution?
Based on the equation given, we know the that reacts with
in a 1:1 mole ratio. We can use the molar concentration given as a conversion factor to determine the number of moles of
used which will be equal to the number of moles of
used.
To determine the molar concentration of used, we can simply use the following equation:
We have determined that the concentration of used is equal to the concentration of
used.
Example Question #1 : Titrations
A vinegar sample was determined by a titration with to have
moles of
in a 2.00 grams of vinegar. What would be the percent mass of this vinegar solution?
Example Question #111 : General Chemistry
Based on the pH titration curve provided, how many acidic protons are in this acid?
Two
One
Three
It cannot be determined from the graph
Four
Two
The equivalence point is the point in a titration at which the number of moles of titrant species equals the number of moles of analyte. For a polyprotic acid there are multiple equivalence points because there are more than one acidic proton in one molecule of the acid. A titration curve has as many equivalence points as the number of protons that may be neutralized by the interaction with a base. In this titration curve there are two equivalence points. The equivalence points occur when the graph has a very steep slope, and involve very large changes in pH with additions of small amounts of base. For this graph, the equivalence points occur at about pH 3.5 and 10.
Example Question #1 : Titrations
What volume in liters of
is needed in the titration of
of a
(acetic acid) solution to reach the equivalence point?
The equivalence point in a titration is the point in which the number of moles of titrant equals to the number of moles of analyte:
We need to determine the number of moles of acetic acid we are dealing with:
Therefore, at the equivalence point there are also 0.0075 moles of in the solution. In order to determine the number of moles of
in solution, we must use the concentration of
as a conversion factor to determine the volume added to the acetic acid solution.
Certified Tutor
Certified Tutor
All GRE Subject Test: Chemistry Resources
![Learning Tools by Varsity Tutors](https://vt-vtwa-app-assets.varsitytutors.com/assets/problems/og_image_practice_problems-9cd7cd1b01009043c4576617bc620d0d5f9d58294f59b6d6556fd8365f7440cf.jpg)