SAT Math : Variables

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Monomials

Multiply:  \displaystyle (1-x^2)(9x)

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 9x^3-9x

\displaystyle 9x-9x^3

\displaystyle -x^2+9x+1

\displaystyle -1-9x^3

\displaystyle 9x^3-1

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 9x-9x^3

Explanation:

Distribute the monomial through the polynomial.

\displaystyle (1-x^2)(9x)= 9x-9x^3

The answer is: \displaystyle 9x-9x^3

Example Question #2 : Monomials

Evaluate:  \displaystyle 3x(x^2+3x-1)

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 4x^3-6x-3x

\displaystyle 3x^3-9x^2+3x

\displaystyle 3x^3+x^2-x

\displaystyle 4x^3+6x-3x

\displaystyle 3x^3+9x^2-3x

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 3x^3+9x^2-3x

Explanation:

Distribute the monomial through each term inside the parentheses.

\displaystyle 3x(x^2+3x-1)= 3x(x^2)+(3x)(3x)+(3x)(-1)

\displaystyle = 3x^3+9x^2-3x

Example Question #1 : Variables

Multiply the monomials:  \displaystyle 6x \times 4x^2

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 48x^3

\displaystyle 24x^2

\displaystyle 72x

\displaystyle 24x^3

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 24x^3

Explanation:

In order to multiply this, we can simply multiply the coefficients together and the \displaystyle x variables together.  Anytime we multiply a variable of the same base, we can add the exponents.

\displaystyle 6x \times 4x^2 = (6\cdot 4) (x^1\cdot x^2)

Simplify the right side.

\displaystyle (6\cdot 4) (x^1\cdot x^2) = 24(x^{1+2})= 24x^3

The answer is:  \displaystyle 24x^3

Example Question #4 : Variables

Distribute: \displaystyle 4ab(3a-5b+1)

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 12a^2b-20ab^2+4ab

\displaystyle 12a^2b-20ab^2

\displaystyle -8ab-1

\displaystyle -8ab+1

\displaystyle 12a^2b+20ab^2+4ab

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 12a^2b-20ab^2+4ab

Explanation:

Distribute the monomial to each part of the polynomial, paying careful attention to signs:

\displaystyle 4ab(3a-5b+1)

\displaystyle 4ab\cdot3a+4ab\cdot(-5b)+4ab\cdot1

\displaystyle 12a^2b-20ab^2+4ab

Example Question #3 : Variables

Find the product:

\displaystyle \left ( \frac{5x^3y^5}{y^6z^4} \right )\left ( \frac{2xy^{-1}}{3zx^2} \right )

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle \frac{5y^6}{2xz^4}

\displaystyle x^2z^4

\displaystyle \frac{10x^2}{3y^2z^5}

\displaystyle \frac{10x^3}{z^4}

\displaystyle \frac{x}{y^4}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle \frac{10x^2}{3y^2z^5}

Explanation:

Find the product:

\displaystyle \left ( \frac{5x^3y^5}{y^6z^4} \right )\left ( \frac{2xy^{-1}}{3zx^2} \right )

Step 1: Multiply the numerators and denominators using the properties of exponents. (When multiplying exponents, add them.)

\displaystyle \frac{5x^3y^5\cdot 2xy^{-1}}{y^6z^4\cdot 3zx^2}

\displaystyle \frac{10x^4y^4}{3y^6z^5x^2}

Step 2: Simplify the expression.

\displaystyle \frac{10x^2}{3y^2z^5}

Example Question #1 : How To Use The Direct Variation Formula

Phillip can paint \displaystyle y square feet of wall per minute. What area of the wall can he paint in 2.5 hours?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 50y\ ft^2

\displaystyle 300y\ ft^2

\displaystyle 150y\ ft^2

\displaystyle 2.5y\ ft^2

\displaystyle 25y\ ft^2

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 150y\ ft^2

Explanation:

Every minute Phillip completes another \displaystyle y square feet of painting. To solve for the total area that he completes, we need to find the number of minutes that he works.

There are 60 minutes in an hour, and he paints for 2.5 hours. Multiply to find the total number of minutes.

\displaystyle (60\frac{min}{hr})(2.5hr)=150min

If he completes \displaystyle y square feet per minute, then we can multiply \displaystyle y by the total minutes to find the final answer.

\displaystyle (y\frac{ft^2}{min})(150min)=150y\ ft^2

Example Question #2 : How To Use The Direct Variation Formula

The value of \displaystyle y varies directly with the square of \displaystyle xand the cube of \displaystyle z. If \displaystyle y=24 when \displaystyle x=1 and \displaystyle z=2, then what is the value of \displaystyle y when \displaystyle x=3 and \displaystyle z=1?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 81

\displaystyle 48

\displaystyle 27

\displaystyle 24

\displaystyle 9

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 27

Explanation:

Let's consider the general case when y varies directly with x. If y varies directly with x, then we can express their relationship to one another using the following formula:

y = kx, where k is a constant.

Therefore, if y varies directly as the square of x and the cube of z, we can write the following analagous equation:

y = kx2z3, where k is a constant.

The problem states that y = 24 when x = 1 and z = 2. We can use this information to solve for k by substituting the known values for y, x, and z.

24 = k(1)2(2)3 = k(1)(8) = 8k

24 = 8k

Divide both sides by 8.

3 = k

k = 3

Now that we have k, we can find y if we know x and z. The problem asks us to find y when x = 3 and z = 1. We will use our formula for direct variation again, this time substitute values for k, x, and z.

y = kx2z3

y = 3(3)2(1)3 = 3(9)(1) = 27

y = 27

The answer is 27. 

Example Question #3 : How To Use The Direct Variation Formula

In a growth period, a population of flies triples every week. If the original population had 3 flies, how big is the population after 4 weeks?

Possible Answers:

729\displaystyle 729

27\displaystyle 27

243\displaystyle 243

2187\displaystyle 2187

81\displaystyle 81

Correct answer:

243\displaystyle 243

Explanation:

We know that the initial population is 3, and that every week the population will triple.

The equation to model this growth will be \displaystyle i(r)^n, where \displaystyle i is the initial size, \displaystyle r is the rate of growth, and \displaystyle n is the time.

In this case, the equation will be \displaystyle 3(3)^4.

\displaystyle 3(3)^4=3(81)=243

Alternatively, you can evaluate for each consecutive week.

Week 1: \displaystyle 3(3)=9

Week 2: \displaystyle 3(9)=27

Week 3: \displaystyle 3(27)=81

Week 4: \displaystyle 3(81)=243

Example Question #4 : Direct And Inverse Variation

\displaystyle d and \displaystyle C are the diameter and circumference, respectively, of the same circle.

\displaystyle d = 12L^{2}

\displaystyle C = t^{2}

Which of the following is a true statement? (Assume all quantities are positive)

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle t varies inversely as the fourth root of \displaystyle L.

\displaystyle t varies directly as the fourth root of \displaystyle L.

\displaystyle t varies directly as \displaystyle L.

\displaystyle t varies directly as the fourth power of \displaystyle L.

\displaystyle t varies inversely as the fourth power of \displaystyle L.

Correct answer:

\displaystyle t varies directly as \displaystyle L.

Explanation:

If \displaystyle d and \displaystyle C are the diameter and circumference, respectively, of the same circle, then

\displaystyle C = \pi d.

By substitution,

\displaystyle t^{2} = \pi \cdot 12 L^{2}

\displaystyle t^{2} = 12 \pi L^{2}

Taking the square root of both sides:

\displaystyle \sqrt{t^{2} }= \sqrt{12 \pi L^{2}}

\displaystyle t = \sqrt{12 \pi} \cdot \sqrt{L^{2}}

\displaystyle t = \sqrt{12 \pi} \cdot L

Taking \displaystyle K= \sqrt{12 \pi} as the constant of variation, we get

\displaystyle t =K L,

meaning that \displaystyle t varies directly as \displaystyle L.

 

Example Question #5 : Direct And Inverse Variation

\displaystyle r is the radius of the base of a cone; \displaystyle h is its height; \displaystyle V is its volume.

\displaystyle n = 4r = h^{2}\displaystyle m = V ^{2}.

Which of the following is a true statement?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle m varies directly as the cube root of \displaystyle n.

\displaystyle m varies directly as \displaystyle n.

\displaystyle m varies directly as the third power of \displaystyle n.

\displaystyle m varies directly as the fifth power of \displaystyle n.

\displaystyle m varies directly as the fifth root of \displaystyle n.

Correct answer:

\displaystyle m varies directly as the fifth power of \displaystyle n.

Explanation:

The volume of a cone can be calculated from the radius of its base \displaystyle r, and the height \displaystyle h, using the formula

\displaystyle V = \frac{1}{3} \pi r^{2}h

\displaystyle n = 4r, so \displaystyle r = \frac{n}{4}.

\displaystyle n = h^{2}, so \displaystyle h = \sqrt{n}.

 

\displaystyle V = \frac{1}{3} \pi r^{2}h, so by substitution,

\displaystyle V = \frac{1}{3} \pi\left ( \frac{n}{4} \right ) ^{2} \cdot \sqrt{n}

\displaystyle V = \frac{1}{3} \pi\left ( \frac{n^{2}}{16} \right ) \cdot \sqrt{n}

Square both sides:

If we take \displaystyle K = \left ( \frac{1}{48} \pi \right )^{2} as the constant of variation, then

,

and \displaystyle m varies directly as the fifth power of \displaystyle n.

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