Call Now to Set Up Tutoring:

(888) 888-0446

Create an account to track your scores
and create your own practice tests:

Create an Account Create a Practice Test

All TOEFL Resources

1 Diagnostic Test 30 Practice Tests Question of the Day Flashcards Learn by Concept

Want to review TOEFL but don’t feel like sitting for a whole test at the moment? Varsity Tutors has you covered with thousands of different TOEFL flashcards! Our TOEFL flashcards allow you to practice with as few or as many questions as you like. Get some studying in now with our numerous TOEFL flashcards.

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Adapted from "Taking a Second Look: An Analysis of Genetic Markers in Species Relatedness" by Joseph Ritchie (2014)

Phylogenetics is the study of genetic composition in various species and is used by evolutionary biologists to investigate similarities in the molecular sequences of proteins in varying organisms. The amino acid sequences that build proteins are used to construct mathematical matrices that aid in determining evolutionary ties through the investigation of percentage similarities. The study of these matrices helps to expose evolutionary relationships between species that may not have the same overt characteristics.

Species adapt and evolve based on the pressures that exist in their environment. Climate, food source, and habitat availability are only a few factors that act on species adaptation. These stressors can alter the physical characteristics of organisms. This divergence in evolution has made it difficult to determine the interrelatedness of organisms by analyzing their physical characteristics alone.

For instance, looking only at physical characteristics, the ghost bat resembles a pigeon more than a spider monkey; however, phylogenetics has found that the amino acid sequences that construct the beta hemoglobin molecules of bats are twenty percent more similar to those of mammalian primates than those of birds. This helps reject the assumption that common physical characteristics between species are all that is needed to determine relatedness.

The differences produced by divergent evolution observed in the forest-dwelling, arboreal spider monkey and the nocturnal, airborne ghost bat can be reconciled through homology. Homologous characteristics are anatomical traits that are similar in two or more different species. For instance, the bone structure of a spider monkey’s wrist and fingers greatly resembles that of a bat’s wing or even a whale’s fin. These similarities are reinforced by phylogenetic evidence that supports the idea that physically dissimilar species can be evolutionarily related through anatomical and genetic similarities.

A scientist studied the relatedness of several reptilian species solely by investigating fossil evidence and has concluded that physical characteristics alone are enough to determine species relatedness. Would this scientist agree with the claims made by phylogenetic research?

No, because phylogenetics assumes that physical traits and characteristics are not the only objective and reliable markers in the study of species relatedness

No, because phylogenetics is an unreliable and new technique that has yet to prove itself in major scientific arenas

Yes, because a great deal of research is based on physical comparisons

Yes, because phylogenetics is second to physical comparisons and thus supports the archaeologist's position

Report an Error Copyright Notice

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Your answer:

No, because phylogenetics is an unreliable and new technique that has yet to prove itself in major scientific arenas

Your answer:

Yes, because a great deal of research is based on physical comparisons

Your answer:

Yes, because phylogenetics is second to physical comparisons and thus supports the archaeologist's position

Correct answer:

No, because phylogenetics assumes that physical traits and characteristics are not the only objective and reliable markers in the study of species relatedness

Explanation:

The scientist studied relatedness based on the fossil record of physical traits. He would not agree with the notion that phylogenetics may better explain relatedness via genetic factors. The rest of the choices are incorrect because they are not supported by the passage.

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Passage adapted from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen (1813)

"'If you will thank me,' he replied, 'let it be for yourself alone. That the wish of giving happiness to you might add force to the other inducements which led me on, I shall not attempt to deny. But your family owe me nothing. Much as I respect them, I believe I thought only of you.'"

Elizabeth was too much embarrassed to say a word. After a short pause, her companion added, 'you are too generous to trifle with me. If your feelings are still what they were last April, tell me so at once. My affections and wishes are unchanged; but one word from you will silence me on this subject for ever.'

Elizabeth, feeling all the more than common awkwardness and anxiety of his situation, now forced herself to speak; and immediately, though not very fluently, gave him to understand that her sentiments had undergone so material a change since the period to which he alluded, as to make her receive with gratitude and pleasure his present assurances. The happiness which this reply produced was such as he had probably never felt before, and he expressed himself on the occasion as sensibly and as warmly as a man violently in love can be supposed to do. Had Elizabeth been able to encounter his eyes, she might have seen how well the expression of heartfelt delight diffused over his face became him; but, though she could not look, she could listen, and he told her of feelings which, in proving of what importance she was to him, made his affection every moment more valuable.

They walked on, without knowing in what direction. There was too much to be thought, and felt, and said, for attention to any other objects. ..."

From the above passage, we can infer that _________________.

the first speaker wants Elizabeth for her money

Elizabeth is unhappy with how things have turned out

the couple will be married

the couple will soon break up

Report an Error Copyright Notice

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

From the above passage, we can infer that _________________.

Your answer:

the first speaker wants Elizabeth for her money

Your answer:

Elizabeth is unhappy with how things have turned out

Your answer:

the couple will soon break up

Correct answer:

the couple will be married

Explanation:

Everything in the final two paragraphs indicates that the two characters are in love and delighted with each other. In this state, it is reasonable to expect that they will soon be married.

DMCA Complaint

If you believe that content available by means of the Website (as defined in our Terms of Service) infringes one or more of your copyrights, please notify us by providing a written notice (“Infringement Notice”) containing the information described below to the designated agent listed below. If Varsity Tutors takes action in response to an Infringement Notice, it will make a good faith attempt to contact the party that made such content available by means of the most recent email address, if any, provided by such party to Varsity Tutors.

Your Infringement Notice may be forwarded to the party that made the content available or to third parties such as ChillingEffects.org.

Please be advised that you will be liable for damages (including costs and attorneys’ fees) if you materially misrepresent that a product or activity is infringing your copyrights. Thus, if you are not sure content located on or linked-to by the Website infringes your copyright, you should consider first contacting an attorney.

Please follow these steps to file a notice:

You must include the following:

A physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf; An identification of the copyright claimed to have been infringed; A description of the nature and exact location of the content that you claim to infringe your copyright, in \ sufficient detail to permit Varsity Tutors to find and positively identify that content; for example we require a link to the specific question (not just the name of the question) that contains the content and a description of which specific portion of the question – an image, a link, the text, etc – your complaint refers to; Your name, address, telephone number and email address; and A statement by you: (a) that you believe in good faith that the use of the content that you claim to infringe your copyright is not authorized by law, or by the copyright owner or such owner’s agent; (b) that all of the information contained in your Infringement Notice is accurate, and (c) under penalty of perjury, that you are either the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf.

Send your complaint to our designated agent at:

Charles Cohn Varsity Tutors LLC
101 S. Hanley Rd, Suite 300
St. Louis, MO 63105

Or fill out the form below:

Do not fill in this field

Contact Information

* Full legal name

Company name

* Phone number

* Email address

Address

* Address1

Address2

* City

* State

* Zipcode

* Country

Complaint Details

* URL of copyrighted work (where your original material is located)

* Please describe the copyrighted work so that it may be easily identified

I am the owner, or an agent authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.

I have a good faith belief that the use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.

This notification is accurate.

I acknowledge that there may be adverse legal consequences for making false or bad faith allegations of copyright infringement by using this process.

* Signature (your digital signature is legally binding)

View TOEFL Tutors

Cindy
Certified Tutor

New York University, Bachelor of Fine Arts, Playwriting and Screenwriting.

View TOEFL Tutors

Reem
Certified Tutor

Lebanese American University, Bachelor of Science, Business Administration and Management. Modern University for Business and...

View TOEFL Tutors

G Samuel
Certified Tutor

Loyola College, Madras, Bachelor in Arts, Accounting.

Popular Subjects

Biology Tutors in Miami, Chemistry Tutors in San Francisco-Bay Area, Computer Science Tutors in New York City, English Tutors in Miami, Physics Tutors in Los Angeles, Chemistry Tutors in San Diego, Physics Tutors in Phoenix, French Tutors in Houston, Spanish Tutors in New York City, LSAT Tutors in Boston

Popular Courses & Classes

MCAT Courses & Classes in San Francisco-Bay Area, ISEE Courses & Classes in Denver, GRE Courses & Classes in Dallas Fort Worth, ISEE Courses & Classes in Atlanta, ISEE Courses & Classes in San Diego, GMAT Courses & Classes in Atlanta, LSAT Courses & Classes in Miami, SAT Courses & Classes in New York City, GRE Courses & Classes in Washington DC, SSAT Courses & Classes in Miami

Popular Test Prep

ISEE Test Prep in Miami, ACT Test Prep in Philadelphia, MCAT Test Prep in San Diego, GRE Test Prep in Atlanta, GRE Test Prep in Los Angeles, SSAT Test Prep in Chicago, GRE Test Prep in Miami, SAT Test Prep in Philadelphia, SAT Test Prep in Washington DC, ISEE Test Prep in Philadelphia

HIGH SCHOOL

GRADUATE SCHOOL

K-8

Search 50+ Tests

math tutoring

science tutoring

foreign languages

elementary tutoring

other

Search 350+ Subjects

Create an account to track your scores
and create your own practice tests:

All TOEFL Resources

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Report an issue with this question

DMCA Complaint

Contact Information

Address

Complaint Details

Email address:
Your name:
Feedback:

HIGH SCHOOL

GRADUATE SCHOOL

K-8

Search 50+ Tests

math tutoring

science tutoring

foreign languages

elementary tutoring

other

Search 350+ Subjects

Create an account to track your scores and create your own practice tests:

All TOEFL Resources

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Flashcards: Making inferences based on the passage

Report an issue with this question

DMCA Complaint

Contact Information

Address

Complaint Details

Create an account to track your scores
and create your own practice tests: