GRE Subject Test: Biology : Understanding Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
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Example Questions
Example Question #12 : Cell Membrane And Organelles
The inner mitochondrial membrane is organized into cristae, which essentially results in a series of folds within the mitochondria. Which of the following best describes the primary advantage to having cristae in inner compartments of mitochondria?
Increased spacing of cytochromes to increase metabolic output.
Increased surface area for the biochemical reactions to produce ATP, thus increasing metabolic output of each mitochondrion.
Decreased requirement for input to the mitochondrion due to increased presence of glucose on the cristae membrane.
Protection of integral membrane proteins from the extremely basic intracristal space of the mitochondria.
ATP synthase is sequestered from the outer membrane, thus increasing its potential energy.
Increased surface area for the biochemical reactions to produce ATP, thus increasing metabolic output of each mitochondrion.
ATP synthase and cytochromes stud the inner membrane, and more surface area means that more of them can be present in each mitochondrion. This increases the capacity to generate ATP.
Example Question #92 : Gre Subject Test: Biology
Chloroplasts are found primarily in which cell type?
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma
Mesophyll
Parenchyma
None of these
Mesophyll
Chloroplasts are found primarily in the mesophyll cells. Mesophyll cells are the green colored tissue that is found within the leaf. It is the abundance of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll that give the mesophyll cells their green coloring. Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and collenchyma cells are all found within the shoot and root of the plant, not in the leaves. These cell types have little to no chloroplasts within their membranes.
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