HSPT Verbal : Analogies: Roots
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Analogies: Roots From Latin
Sweet is to cloying as good is to __________.
horrible
facetious
enjoyable
acceptable
stellar
stellar
When something is "cloying," it is excessively sweet. Therefore, our analogy is one of intensification. As something cloying is excessively sweet, so too is something "stellar" very good—exceedingly good. It comes from the Latin word for "star," as though the goodness of the thing in question were "as high as the stars."
Example Question #2 : Analogies: Roots From Latin
Contrary is to uncooperative as senile is to __________.
expiring
deathly
foolish
infirm
archaic
infirm
The prefix "contra-" or "contr-" generally means against. "Contra dancing" is a kind of dancing in two lines that face each other, and "counterpoint" is a kind of music that has two musical lines that run "against" each other, weaving together melodies and harmonies. When someone is "contrary," he or she acts in a way that is always against other people's opinions. He or she generally is a troublesome personality and is thus someone who is uncooperative. Thus, we are looking for a descriptive word for "senile." While we often use this word to describe people who are losing their memories, the word can describe the more general condition of someone who is becoming aged. Someone who is senile is becoming infirm and weak with age. The word "senator" comes from a similar root, meaning old man.
Example Question #3 : Analogies: Determining Meaning From Prefixes, Suffixes, And Roots
Selfish is to egocentric as illustrious is to __________.
eminent
aesthetic
talented
surprising
model
eminent
The word "illustrious" comes from the Latin root meaning clear or bright. Having a "luster" is to have a glow or a shine, and an "illustration" is something that makes its topic clear by means of a kind of example. Someone who is selfish thinks of himself or herself. This is the meaning of "ego-centric," which literally means "I-centered." We are therefore looking for a synonym of "illustrious." Generally speaking, this word means well-known—as though a bright light is visible. Such a person or thing would also be "eminent."
Example Question #4 : Analogies: Determining Meaning From Prefixes, Suffixes, And Roots
Map is to topography as timeline is to __________.
registration
historiography
history
record
chronology
chronology
The "topography" of an area pertains to the physical character of that area—its hills, valleys, rivers, and so forth. The word comes from Greek roots that generally mean "place" (topos) and "drawing" (graphia). A map records an area's topography. A timeline records the ordering of occurrences. While this could be historical in nature, it could even be a timeline of scientific facts. The best option is therefore "chronology," which indicates an ordered set of events based on when those events occurred. It comes from the Greek for "time," kronos.
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