ISEE Upper Level Math : Operations

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ISEE Upper Level Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Operations

Machine A can produce 4 buttons in 2 days.  Machine B can produce 20 buttons in 4 days.  How many buttons can Machine A and B, working together, produce in 40 days?

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} 70\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 70\)

\dpi{100} 7\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 7\)

\dpi{100} 200\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 200\)

\dpi{100} 280\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 280\)

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} 280\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 280\)

Explanation:

First determine how many buttons each machine can produce in a day.

Machine A: \dpi{100} \frac{4}{2}=2\ buttons\ per\ day\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{4}{2}=2\ buttons\ per\ day\)

Machine B: \dpi{100} \frac{20}{4}=5\ buttons\ per\ day\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{20}{4}=5\ buttons\ per\ day\)

Machine A and B can produce 7 buttons per day when they are working together.

\dpi{100} 7\times 40=280\ buttons\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 7\times 40=280\ buttons\)

Example Question #2 : Variables

Brian has 3 siblings.  When his family orders pizza, each of the 4 children is given \dpi{100} \frac{1}{4}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{1}{4}\) of the pizza.  Brian does not feel well so he only finishes \dpi{100} \frac{1}{3}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{1}{3}\) of his pizza.  If the original pizza consisted of 12 slices of pizza, how many slices did Brian eat?

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} 6\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 6\)

\dpi{100} 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 1\)

\dpi{100} 3\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 3\)

\dpi{100} 4\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 4\)

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 1\)

Explanation:

Brian eats \dpi{100} \frac{1}{3}\times \frac{1}{4}\times 12\ slices\ of\ pizza\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{1}{3}\times \frac{1}{4}\times 12\ slices\ of\ pizza\).

So Brian eats

\dpi{100} \frac{1}{12}\cdot 12=1\ slice\ of\ pizza.\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{1}{12}\cdot 12=1\ slice\ of\ pizza.\)

Example Question #3 : Variables

Solve for \dpi{100} x\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} x\):

\dpi{100} 4x^{2}=256\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 4x^{2}=256\)

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} \pm 2\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \pm 2\)

\dpi{100} 4\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 4\)

\dpi{100} \pm 8\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \pm 8\)

\dpi{100} \pm 4\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \pm 4\)

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} \pm 8\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \pm 8\)

Explanation:

\dpi{100} 4x^{2}=256\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} 4x^{2}=256\)

\dpi{100} \frac{4x^{2}}{4}=\frac{256}{4}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{4x^{2}}{4}=\frac{256}{4}\)

\dpi{100} x^{2}=64\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} x^{2}=64\)

\dpi{100} \sqrt{x^{2}}=\sqrt{64}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \sqrt{x^{2}}=\sqrt{64}\)

\dpi{100} x=\pm 8\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} x=\pm 8\)

Example Question #3 : Variables

Simplify:

\(\displaystyle (0.6x+0.4y) ^{2}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2} + 0.48 x^{2}y^{2} + 0.16 y ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2} + 0.16 y ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2} + 0.24 x^{2}y^{2} + 0.16 y ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2} + 0.48 xy + 0.16 y ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2} + 0.24 xy + 0.16 y ^{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2} + 0.48 xy + 0.16 y ^{2}\)

Explanation:

This can be solved using the pattern for the square of a sum:

\(\displaystyle (0.6x+0.4y) ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle =\left ( 0.6x \right ) ^{2} +2\cdot 0.6x \cdot 0.4y + \left ( 0.4y \right ) ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle = 0.6^{2}x^{2} +2\cdot 0.6 \cdot 0.4 \cdot xy + 0.4^{2} y ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle = 0.36x^{2} + 0.48 xy + 0.16 y ^{2}\)

Example Question #1 : Variables

Simplify:

\(\displaystyle (0.6x-0.4y) ^{2}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2}-0.48xy- 0.16y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2}-0.24xy+ 0.16y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2}-0.48xy+ 0.16y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2}- 0.16y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2}+0.16y^{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 0.36x^{2}-0.48xy+ 0.16y^{2}\)

Explanation:

This can be solved using the pattern for the square of a difference:

\(\displaystyle (0.6x-0.4y) ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle =\left ( 0.6x \right ) ^{2} - 2\cdot 0.6x \cdot 0.4y + \left ( 0.4y \right ) ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle = 0.6^{2}x^{2} - 2\cdot 0.6 \cdot 0.4 \cdot xy + 0.4^{2} y ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle = 0.36x^{2} - 0.48 xy + 0.16 y ^{2}\)

Example Question #1 : Variables

Simplify:

\(\displaystyle \left (\frac{4}{3}x + \frac{5}{3} \right )^{2}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{16}{9}x^{2} +\frac{25}{9} x\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{16}{9}x^{2} + \frac{40}{9}x +\frac{25}{9}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{16}{9}x^{2} +\frac{25}{9}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{16}{9}x^{2} + \frac{80}{9}x +\frac{25}{9}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{16}{9}x^{2} + \frac{20}{9}x +\frac{25}{9}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{16}{9}x^{2} + \frac{40}{9}x +\frac{25}{9}\)

Explanation:

This can be solved using the pattern for the square of a sum:

\(\displaystyle \left (\frac{4}{3}x + \frac{5}{3} \right )^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle =\left (\frac{4}{3}x \right ) ^{2} +2 \cdot \frac{4}{3}x \cdot \frac{5}{3} + \left ( \frac{5}{3} \right ) ^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle =\frac{4^{2}}{3^{2}}\cdot x^{2} +2 \cdot \frac{4}{3}\cdot \frac{5}{3} \cdot x +\frac{5^{2}}{3^{2}}\)

\(\displaystyle =\frac{16}{9}x^{2} + \frac{40}{9}x +\frac{25}{9}\)

Example Question #191 : Algebraic Concepts

Multiply:

\(\displaystyle (5x - 3y) (3x + 8y)\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 15 x ^{2}+31xy -24 y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 15x^{2} - 24y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 15x^{2} -31xy+ 24y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 15x^{2} +49xy - 24y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 15 x ^{2}-49xy +24 y^{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 15 x ^{2}+31xy -24 y^{2}\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle (5x - 3y) (3x + 8y)\)

\(\displaystyle = 5x \cdot 3x+5x \cdot 8y - 3y \cdot 3x - 3y \cdot 8y\)

\(\displaystyle = 5\cdot3 \cdot x \cdot x+5\cdot 8 \cdot x \cdot y - 3\cdot 3\cdot y\cdot x - 3\cdot 8 \cdot y \cdot y\)

\(\displaystyle = 15 x ^{2}+40xy - 9xy -24 y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle = 15 x ^{2}+31xy -24 y^{2}\)

Example Question #1 : How To Multiply Variables

Multiply:

\(\displaystyle (5x - 3y) (3x - 8y)\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 15x^{2} -31xy+ 24y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 15 x ^{2}-49xy +24 y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 15x^{2} - 24y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 15x^{2} +31xy - 24y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 15x^{2} +49xy - 24y^{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 15 x ^{2}-49xy +24 y^{2}\)

Explanation:

Use the FOIL method:

\(\displaystyle (5x - 3y) (3x - 8y)\)

\(\displaystyle = 5x \cdot 3x-5x \cdot 8y - 3y \cdot 3x + 3y \cdot 8y\)

\(\displaystyle = 5\cdot3 \cdot x \cdot x-5\cdot 8 \cdot x \cdot y - 3\cdot 3\cdot y\cdot x + 3\cdot 8 \cdot y \cdot y\)

\(\displaystyle = 15 x ^{2}-40xy - 9xy +24 y^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle = 15 x ^{2}-49xy +24 y^{2}\)

Example Question #8 : How To Multiply Variables

Define \(\displaystyle f(x) = 5 - 2x\)

What is \(\displaystyle f(3-2x)\) ?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle -1\)

\(\displaystyle -11\)

\(\displaystyle 4x -1\)

\(\displaystyle 4x-11\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 4x -1\)

Explanation:

Substitute \(\displaystyle 3-2x\) for \(\displaystyle x\):

\(\displaystyle f(x) = 5 - 2x\)

\(\displaystyle f(3-2x) = 5 - 2 \left ( 3-2x \right )\)

\(\displaystyle f(3-2x) = 5 - 2 \cdot 3- \left ( - 2 \right )\cdot 2x \right )\)

\(\displaystyle f(3-2x) = 5 - 6 +4x\)

\(\displaystyle f(3-2x) =4x -1\)

Example Question #1 : How To Multiply Variables

Simplify:

\(\displaystyle (\frac{4x^2}{81x^6})^{-\frac{1}{2}}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle x^4\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{4}{9x^2}\)

\(\displaystyle 18x^2\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{9x^2}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{2}{9x^2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{9x^2}{2}\)

Explanation:

First, recognize that raising the fraction to a negative power is the same as raising the inverted fraction to a positive power.

\(\displaystyle (\frac{4x^2}{81x^6})^{-\frac{1}{2}}=(\frac{81x^6}{4x^2})^{\frac{1}{2}}\)

Apply the exponent within the parentheses and simplify. Remember that fractional exponents can be written as roots.

\(\displaystyle \frac{(81x^6)^{\frac{1}{2}}}{(4x^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}}=\frac{\sqrt{81x^6}}{\sqrt{4x^2}}\)

Simplify by taking the roots and canceling common factors.

\(\displaystyle \frac{\sqrt{81x^6}}{\sqrt{4x^2}}=\frac{9x^3}{2x}=\frac{9x^2}{2}\)

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