I believe that all tutoring must be student-centered. As much as possible, a tutor must help a student develop their own ideas about the world around them rather than lecturing. The student must be actively speaking and engaged.

Trust is the most important foundational block in a tutor-tutee relationship. Without trust, very little can be accomplished. Before we start, we must spend time getting to know each other and developing Community Standards about our relationship (ex: "I (the student) feel respected when my tutor is prepared with a lesson plan" and "I (the tutor) feel respected when my student asks questions."). Following this, we will discuss the areas my student feels they are struggling in and what sorts of teaching styles they feel have been effective in the past. I may give a short assessment. From here, we'll develop short-term and long-term goals and plans.

I favor a very student-centered approach. That is, I encourage my students to answer their own questions through research questions, debates, and reading. While I may discuss possible "answers" and guide students, I will never give my students the answer.

The most motivated students are students who enjoy what they are doing. It is important to frame any lesson or idea in a way that is interesting and relevant to students' lives--and to insist that most of the things we are talking about are things that occur in the real world. I work to develop relationships with students in order to find out what interests them most (be it Pokémon or Greek mythology) and cater my lessons towards their interests.

When a student is struggling with a skill or concept, it is important to pinpoint the origin of the issue and to treat the issue, not the symptoms. For example, if a student struggles with multiplication, they may not have a strong grasp of addition, a foundational block of multiplication. If this is not the case, the student may have been taught a concept in a confusing way. In this case, we should go over the concept once more in a way that suits their learning style best (ex: if they were taught a math concept only by hearing it, perhaps they need more of a visual representation).

Assuming we have ruled out the possibility of learning disabilities, the single best way to encourage reading comprehension is simply to practice. It is important that the student go slowly and take their time, as much of the difficulty likely comes from a lack of self-confidence. We may start by reading only a few sentences at a time and then talking about what is happening. When the student has developed small-scale comprehension, we can move on to paragraphs, pages, etc.

The most important factor in a successful tutor-tutee relationship is trust. I work hard to ensure that my students understand what is expected of them AND that I understand what they expect of me. During the first session, we create "Community Standards" or a "Learning Contract" to establish what environment will be most conducive to the student's success.

As far as learning, it is important to determine what the student's learning style is (all students will be different) and to cater all lessons towards this style.

It is important that students see the lesson as relevant to their own lives. As much as possible, lessons should revolve around a student's interests (ex: if a student is interested in Ancient Rome, we might use the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Pompeii to explore anything from graphing parabolas to earth science to climate change).

Because tutoring sessions tend to be short (1-1.5 hours), assessment should be varied and continuous. Asking "do you understand?" is not enough. When working with students, I may ask students to "teach" a lesson to me or to write about what they have learned for the day or week in a journal. I often also ask "extension questions" to gauge my student's understanding of how and why a problem works. These questions are often phrased as "what happens if....?"

I follow the "ISME" philosophy--that is, Instant Success with Minimum Effort. In the beginning, when a student lacks confidence in an area, I want to make learning "effortless." I may accomplish this by asking simple questions or breaking problems into smaller segments. That way, a student cannot possibly fail. As they become more comfortable, I increase the difficulty of the problem. It is also important that students do not feel like they are inherently "bad" or "good" at a subject. I praise a student's hard work regardless of whether the answer was "right." In this way, the student comes to enjoy the process of finding the answer.

The students know more about what they need than you do. The first step is to simply ask, "What sorts of things do you think you are good at?" Other evaluations will depend on the age of the student. I may present young students (k-8) with a series of "games" that can help me figure out what sorts of concepts they struggle to grasp. I may give older students a quick 10-question assessment and move forward from there.

The materials will depend on a student's needs, age, and the subject we are studying. In the past, I have used everything from workbooks and prep. books to laptops to arts and crafts materials. I will always have my laptop with me, and I encourage students to have one, as well, if they are able.

I am quite flexible to my students' needs and have some experience working with students on the autism spectrum.