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GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology : Help with Thermodynamics and Energetics

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Help With Thermodynamics And Energetics

Which of the following statements is not true regarding Gibbs free energy, ?

Possible Answers:

If the $\Delta G$ of a reaction is less than zero, the reaction is endergonic

The $\Delta G$ of a reaction is partially dependent on enthalpy of the system

If the $\Delta G$ of a reaction is zero, the reaction is at equilibrium

The $\Delta G$ of a reaction is partially dependent on the temperature of the system

If the $\Delta G$ of a reaction is positive, the reaction is not favorable and likely requires external energy to proceed

Correct answer:

If the $\Delta G$ of a reaction is less than zero, the reaction is endergonic

Explanation:

If the $\Delta G$ of a reaction is less than zero, the reaction will in fact be exergonic. These reactions will be favorable and spontaneous, and energy is released in these reactions. Thus, endergonic is incorrect.

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Example Question #1 : Biochemistry

The equilibrium constant $K_{eq}$ of any given chemical reaction is __________ on the temperature and pressure of the reactants and products and is __________ of the reaction rate.

Possible Answers:

Independent . . . one-half

dependent . . . dependent

dependent . . . independent

independent . . . dependent

dependent . . . one-half

Correct answer:

dependent . . . independent

Explanation:

The temperature and pressure of the reactants and products of any given reaction will determine the value of $K_{eq}$ . However, this is entirely dependent of the reaction rate, which is determined by how the concentrations of the reactants and products change over the course of the reaction. Additionally, every reaction is unique, so "one-half" or any other exact metric cannot be applied as the definition.

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Example Question #1 : Biochemistry

Which of the following best describes a reaction that has reached equilibrium?

Possible Answers:

$\Delta G$ is greater than zero, and the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at equal rates.

$\Delta G$ is zero, and both the forward and reverse reactions have stopped occurring completely.

$\Delta G$ is less than zero, and the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at equal rates.

$\Delta G$ is zero, and the forward reaction is occurring spontaneously.

$\Delta G$ is zero, and the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at equal rates.

Correct answer:

$\Delta G$ is zero, and the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at equal rates.

Explanation:

In equilibrium, both the forward and reverse reactions continue to occur, but they do so in a way that is equal and thus, there is no net change of reactants and products in the system. $\Delta G$ is zero in this case because net changes to the system have ceased, and thus the free energy is no longer in flux.

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Example Question #2 : Biochemistry

__________ reactions have a $\Delta G$ that is less than zero, and thus they occur spontaneously. This is because the products in these reactions have lower bond energies than the reactants, and when that energy is released it is converted to __________.

Possible Answers:

endothermic . . . heat

exothermic . . . heat

endothermic . . . light

exothermic . . . electricity

exothermic . . . light

Correct answer:

exothermic . . . heat

Explanation:

Exothermic reactions release heat (think exothermic = explosion = creates heat), and this is due to the release of energy from the reactant bonds. These reactions have $\Delta G$ less than zero. Endothermic reactions are just the opposite and actually require energy to occur, and therefore do not occur spontaneously nor release heat.

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All GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Resources

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GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology : Help with Thermodynamics and Energetics

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology

All GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Resources

Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Help With Thermodynamics And Energetics

Example Question #1 : Biochemistry

Example Question #1 : Biochemistry

Example Question #2 : Biochemistry

All GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Resources

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