Human Anatomy and Physiology : Help with Stomach Physiology
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Example Questions
Example Question #2 : Digestive Physiology
Which stomach cell is responsible for the activation of pepsinogen?
Parietal cells
Chief cells
G cells
Goblet cells
Parietal cells
Pepsinogen is an inactive enzyme that is released into the stomach lumen by chief cells. Parietal cells are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid. This acid will cleave the pepsinogen and make it an active enzyme, pepsin, which can then cleave peptide bonds and begin protein digestion.
Goblet cells secrete mucus to protect the epithelium of the stomach from the acid in the lumen. G cells secrete gastrin, which promotes the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
Example Question #3 : Digestive Physiology
Stratified squamous epithelium can be found in all of the following except in the __________.
stomach
oral cavity
oropharynx
esophagus
anal canal
stomach
Stratified squamous epithelium protects tissues in areas that are prone to abrasion. This lining consists of many layers and is typically located on the areas near/associated with the mouth, excretory system, and the esophagus. The stomach does not have a stratified squamous epithelial lining, as it instead uses simple columnar epithelium.
Example Question #4 : Digestive Physiology
Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?
Denaturation of proteins
Mechanical breakdown of food
Storage of ingested food
Initiation of protein digestion
Absorption of triglycerides
Absorption of triglycerides
The stomach stores ingested food, denatures proteins, initiates protein digestion, and mechanically breaks down food. The absorption of triglycerides, or lipids, takes place in the small intestine.
Example Question #5 : Digestive Physiology
Which of the following exits the stomach most quickly during gastric emptying?
Isotonic liquids
Hypertonic liquids
Protein-rich particulates
Hypotonic liquids
Fatty particulates
Isotonic liquids
Liquids exit the stomach more quickly than solids, and isotonic solutions exits more quickly than hypertonic or hypotonic solutions. As such, isotonic liquids will exit the stomach most quickly during gastric emptying.
Solids exit the stomach in the general order of carbohydrates, followed by proteins, followed by fats.
Example Question #1 : Help With Stomach Physiology
Which stomach cell type secretes the 
Parietal cells
Goblet cells
G-cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells
Goblet cells secrete mucous, which protects the stomach lining. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, which must be converted to pepsin by acid in order to carry out its function of breaking down proteins. G-cells secrete gastrin, increase secretion from the other cells, and induce muscle contractions. Parietal cells secrete both 
Example Question #2 : Help With Stomach Physiology
Which of the following describes venous blood leaving the stomach?
Basic in pH
Basic in pH when food is present, and acidic in pH when food is absent
Acidic in pH
Neutral in pH
Acidic in pH when food is present, and basic in pH when food is absent
Basic in pH
Since the stomach releases 
Example Question #3 : Help With Stomach Physiology
Which of the following is not a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
It nonspecifically destroys pathogens
It lowers the pH of the stomach, bringing it to pepsin's optimum
It denatures peptide bonds in the protein
It helps activate pepsinogen into the enzyme pepsin
It denatures the protein by breaking down the protein's quaternary and tertiary structure
It denatures peptide bonds in the protein
Hydrochloric acid does not break peptide bonds. Instead, it is responsible for breaking down the quaternary and tertiary structure of the protein, leaving the peptide bonds more accessible for pepsin to break. Pepsin is responsible for breaking the bonds between the amino acids, which is known as proteolysis. Lastly, the acidic environment of the stomach kills many microbes, preventing infection.
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