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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Side Effects
What is the most common vitamin deficiency seen in patients taking metformin?
B6
K2
B12
D
B12
B12 deficiency is common in patients on metformin, and should be monitored and supplemented either sublingually or intramuscularly.
Example Question #51 : Nclex
A male client is receiving 150mg of gentamicin every 8 hours for a soft tissue infection. The nurse giving this medication is aware there are several serious side effects associated with gentamicin, including ototoxicity.
Which statement by the client indicates that he may be experiencing this serious side effect?
"I am having difficulty swallowing"
"There is a severe rash on my neck and chest"
"I have a metallic taste in my mouth"
"I am feeling nauseous"
"I have a high pitch ringing sound in my ear"
"I have a high pitch ringing sound in my ear"
The ringing in the ear is tinnitus, which is indicative of ototoxicity. Nausea, metallic taste in mouth, difficulty swallowing and skin reactions are not associated with the development of ototoxicity.
Example Question #12 : Drug Interactions And Biotransformation
Which of the following is the most serious potential adverse effect of enalapril?
Dry cough
Nausea and vomiting
Low blood pressure
Angioedema
Angioedema
All of these are potential side effects of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors such as enalapril, but angioedema (the swelling of the face, lips, and/or tongue) is a potentially life threatening condition, as swelling can obstruct the airway.
Example Question #2 : Side Effects
Which of the following is a symptom of digoxin toxicity?
Rash
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Mood swings
Tremor
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common symptoms of digoxin toxicity. Other symptoms may include confusion, anorexia, irregular heartbeat, and palpitations. Tremors, mood swings, and rash are not generally seen with digoxin toxicity.
Example Question #52 : Nclex
A 19-year-old client presents to the emergency department explaining that he has a history of sickle cell anemia. He is complaining of severe pain in his arms and legs. The nurse recognizes that the patient is experiencing a sickle cell crisis, and is going to administer pain medication as ordered.
The nurse is aware that which of the following pain medications is contraindicated for this disorder?
Hydromorphone
Meperidine
Morphine
Ibuprofen
Fentanyl
Meperidine
Meperidine is contraindicated because in high doses it can form a toxic metabolite that can lead to seizures. All other drugs listed are appropriate for pain control for sickle cell crisis.
Example Question #53 : Nclex
Which of the following best describes extrapyramidal side effects?
Dystonia, tremor, slurred speech, restlesness and anxiety
Cutaneous flushing, hypertensive crisis, tachycardia, sweating
Nausea and vomiting, diminished consciousness, disorientation
Altered color vision, altered taste sensation
Dystonia, tremor, slurred speech, restlesness and anxiety
Extrapyramidal side effects generally present as slow or repetitive motions or postures (dystonia), spasm, tremor, slurred speech, slowed thought process, restlessness and anxiety, paranoia, and general overall distress. These effects are caused by antipsychotic drugs that act as dopamine D2 receptor antagonists.
Example Question #54 : Nclex
Which of the following drugs would be least likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects?
Haloperidol
Bupropion
Fluoxetine
Alprazolam
Alprazolam
Extrapyramidal side effects are common with typical antipsychotic drugs that act as dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. These include many selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI's), and norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRI's), as well as antiemetics such as metclopramide.
Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine and is not associated with extrapyramidal adverse effects.
Example Question #1 : Side Effects
Which of the following medications is associated with increased risk of SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)?
Eszopiclone
Metronidazole
Drospirenone
Chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide, an antidiabetic medication in the sulfonylurea class, has been associated with drug-induced SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion). This is a rare but serious complication that will generally resolve once drug treatment has stopped. None of the other drugs listed are associated with this side effect.
Example Question #1 : Side Effects
Which of the following medications can cause the (benign) side effect of causing an orange-red tint to urine and tears?
Vancomycin
Rifampicin
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
Rifampicin
Of the drugs listed, the only one associated with this bizarre side effect is rifampicin, a broad spectrum antibiotic used in tuberculosis. Urine, sweat, saliva, or tears may be turned any shade from red to reddish orange.
Example Question #2 : Side Effects
Which of the following antibiotics is potentially ototoxic and may cause irreversible hearing loss?
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Penicillin
Gentamicin
Gentamicin
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Most antibiotics in the aminoglycoside class can have significant ototoxic effects. Of these, streptomycin and gentamicin are primarily toxic to the vestubular system, while amikacin, neomycin, dihydrosterptomycin, and kanamicin primarily affect the cochlea. None of the other antibiotics listed are generally associated with ototoxicity.
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