A circle is defined by an equation in the format .

The center is indicated by the point  and the radius .

In the equation , the center is  and the radius is .

The form most often used for circles is the following general equation:

,

where (h, k) are the coordinates of the center and r is the radius. We are given the coordinates of the center as (4, -5), so h is 4 and k is -5.

We still need to find the radius. We can do this by plugging in the second given point, (4, -2). 

Hence the formula of the circle is

,

and the radius is .

To solve this problem we need to get our function into the form:

where center=(h,k) and r=radius. To do this we need to complete the square with both the x an y parts of the equation

then we factor our trinomials and add our constants and we get:

so our center is  and our radius is 6

The general form for the function of a circle of radius r and centered at (a,b) is:

 .

The circle is centered at , therefore we substitute  in for  and  for . The radius is  so  becomes . 

The final form should be: 

.

The standard form for the equation of a circle with radius , and centered at point  is

.

Here, , so the equation is

.

Note: one way to think of this equation is to remember the Pythagorean Theorem.

If the center is at the origin then the equation is

.

This describes a right triangle for any x and y that satisfy this equation.  Here r is the hypotenues, but when all values of x and y are used it stays the same and the points map out a circle with radius r.

The rules of graph translation apply in the same way as with any function.  That is they move the origin in the opposite direction by a and/or b. 

The center of the circle is .

Find the horizontal distance from the center to the edge of the circle.  At the center , at the edge . The difference is .  This is the radius.

Plug these values:  into the standard form for the equation of a circle.

This gives

.

Remember that the standard form for the equation of a circle is given by the following formula:

Where the point (h,k) gives the center of the circle, and r is the radius. We can see from the form in which the equation is expressed in the problem that the only thing different with our form is that the terms on the left side of the equation are divided by 4. With some algebra, we'll multiply both sides by 4 to eliminate the 4's from the left side of equation:

Now we can see that our equation is the same as the formula for a circle in standard form, where (h,k) is (3,-2) and r=4.

Remember that in order for the equation of a circle to be in standard form, it must be written in the following way:

Where the point (h,k) tells us where the center of the circle is, and r is the radius of the circle. From our answer choices, we can see that the following is the only equation in which there are no fractions and there is addition of terms and not subtraction, which means it is in the standard form shown above:

For this circle, the center would be at (2,-3), and the radius would be 3.

The equation for a circle in general is for a circle with center and radius . We know that the center  is and that one of the points is , so we can determine  by plugging these values in:

Now we can generalize the equation as

Recall that the equation of a circle is  for  the center and  the radius.

In this case, we have  as the center.

Note the negatives in the formula and be careful simpilfying.

When we are done, we have: 

which gives us our answer when simplified.